淮南市医护人员的健康焦虑现状及影响因素

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 1065-1069.

淮南市医护人员的健康焦虑现状及影响因素

魏涛, 邢晓丽, 徐步, 甘燕, 张秀芳, 荣向霞

安徽理工大学第一附属医院护理部,安徽淮南 232007

收稿日期:2024-07-29 修回日期:2024-08-05 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-12-18
通信作者: 荣向霞,教授,E-mail：1326808740@qq.com
作者简介:魏涛,男,主管护师,主要从事精神心理研究工作。
基金资助:
2022年高等学校省级质量工程项目（2022zygzts030）; 2023年皖南医学院校级科研项目（WK2023JXY004）

Current status and influencing factors of health anxiety among healthcare workers in Huainan City

WEI Tao, XING Xiaoli, XU Bu, GAN Yan, ZHANG Xiufang, RONG Xiangxia

Department of Nursing,The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan,Anhui 232007,China

Received:2024-07-29 Revised:2024-08-05 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-12-18
Contact: RONG Xiangxia,Professor,E-mail：1326808740@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解医护人员健康焦虑现状及影响因素,为后期提出相关干预措施提供理论依据。方法 2023年3—7月,采用便利抽样法选取淮南市3家综合医院的393名医护人员,以一般资料调查表、健康焦虑量表和状态-特质焦虑量表进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果医护人员状态焦虑总分[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）]为40.00（32.00,50.00）分,特质焦虑总分[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）]为43.00（34.00,50.00）分,健康焦虑总分[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）]为20.00（17.00,26.00）分。单因素分析结果显示,不同的年龄、受教育程度、经济状况、性别、慢性病家族史、重大疾病史的医护人员在健康焦虑水平方面差异均有统计学意义（H=-6.440,-7.129,-5.830,均P<0.05;Z=9.255,60.507,64.787,均P<0.05）。Spearman相关分析显示,健康焦虑与状态焦虑和特质焦虑均呈正相关关系（r=0.545~0.554,均P<0.05）;多元回归分析显示,性别、年龄、受教育程度、经济状况、特质焦虑、慢性病家族史及重大疾病史是健康焦虑的影响因素（β=-0.099、0.128、-0.149、0.145、-0.289、-0.119、0.309,均P<0.05）,可解释总变异的54.7%。结论医护人员存在着广泛的健康焦虑问题,主要影响因素包括性别、年龄、受教育程度、经济水平、家族慢性病史、疾病患病史以及特质焦虑等,这些因素导致医护人员的身心健康受到威胁。管理者应重视医护人员的健康焦虑问题,有必要采取针对性的措施以减轻健康焦虑对医护人员产生的负面影响。

关键词: 健康焦虑, 影响因素, 医护人员, 状态焦虑, 特质焦虑

Abstract: Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of health anxiety among healthcare workers,and to provide a theoretical basis for proposing relevant intervention measures at a later stage. Methods From March 2023 to July 2023,393 healthcare workers from three general hospitals in Huainan City were selected by convenience sampling method,surveyed with general information questionnaire,health anxiety scale,and state-trait anxiety scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of state anxiety[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] of the healthcare workers was 40.00（32.00,50.00）points,the total score of trait anxiety[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] was 43.00（34.00,50.00）points,and the total score of health anxiety[M（P₂₅,P₇₅）] was 20.00（17.00,26.00）points. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in health anxiety levels among healthcare workers of different age,education level,economic status,gender,family history of chronic diseases,and history of major diseases（H=-6.440,-7.129,-5.830,Z=9.255,60.507,64.787,all P<0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis showed that health anxiety was positively correlated with state anxiety and trait anxiety（r=0.545-0.554,all P<0.05）. Multiple regression analysis showed that gender,age,education level,economic status,trait anxiety,family history of chronic diseases,and history of major diseases were influential factors of health anxiety（β=-0.099,0.128,-0.149,0.145,-0.289,-0.119,0.309,all P<0.05）,explaining 54.7% of the total variance. Conclusion Healthcare workers have a wide range of health anxiety problems,mainlyinfluenced byfactors such as gender,age,education level,economic level,family history of chronic diseases,and history of major diseases,and trait anxiety. These factors lead to threats to the physical and mental health of healthcare workers.Managers should pay attention to the health anxiety problem of healthcare workers,and take targeted measures to reduce the negative impact of health anxiety on healthcare workers.

Key words: Health anxiety, Influencing factors, Healthcare workers, State anxiety, Trait anxiety

中图分类号:

R749

魏涛, 邢晓丽, 徐步, 甘燕, 张秀芳, 荣向霞. 淮南市医护人员的健康焦虑现状及影响因素. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(8): 1065-1069.

WEI Tao, XING Xiaoli, XU Bu, GAN Yan, ZHANG Xiufang, RONG Xiangxia. Current status and influencing factors of health anxiety among healthcare workers in Huainan City. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(8): 1065-1069.

参考文献

[1] SALKOVSKIS P M,WARWICK H M.Morbid preoccupations,health anxiety and reassurance:A cognitive-behavioural approach to hypochondriasis[J].Behav Res Ther,1986,24(5):597-602.
[2] SUNDERLAND M,NEWBY J M,ANDREWS G.Health anxiety in Australia:prevalence,comorbidity,disability and service use[J].Br J Psychiatry,2013,202(1):56-61.
[3] GORGEN S M,HILLER W,WITTHOFT M.Health anxiety,cognitive coping,and emotion regulation:A latent variable approach[J].Int J Behav Med,2014,21(2):364-374.
[4] FERGUSON E.A taxometric analysis of health anxiety[J].Psychol Med,2009,39(2):277-285.
[5] BOURGAULT-FAGNOU M D,HADJISTAVROPOULOS H D.Understanding health anxiety among community dwelling seniors with varying degrees of frailty[J].Aging Ment Health,2009,13(2):226-237.
[6] MUSE K,MCMANUS F,HACKMANN A,et al.Intrusive imagery in severe health anxiety:Prevalence,nature and links with memories and maintenance cycles[J].Behav Res Ther,2010,48(8):792-798.
[7] BAILER J,KERSTNER T,WITTHOFT M,et al.Health anxiety and hypochondriasis in the light of DSM-5[J].Anxiety Stress Coping,2016,29(2):219-239.
[8] NEWBY J M,HOBBS M J,MAHONEY A,et al.DSM-5 illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder:Comorbidity,correlates,and overlap with DSM-IV hypochondriasis[J].J Psychosom Res,2017,101:31-37.
[9] ASMUNDSON G J,TAYLOR S,CARLETON R N,et al.Should health anxiety be carved at the joint? A look at the health anxiety construct using factor mixture modeling in a non-clinical sample[J].J Anxiety Disord,2012,26(1):246-251.
[10] BERGE L I,SKOGEN J C,SULO G,et al.Health anxiety and risk of ischaemic heart disease:A prospective cohort study linking the Hordaland Health Study(HUSK)with the Cardiovascular Diseases in Norway(CVDNOR)project[J].BMJ Open,2016,6(11):e012914.
[11] PETRICONE-WESTWOOD D,JONES G,MUTSAERS B,et al.A Systematic Review of Interventions for Health Anxiety Presentations Across Diverse Chronic Illnesses[J].Int J Behav Med,2019,26(1):3-16.
[12] ZHANG Y,LIU R,LI G,et al.The reliability and validity of a Chinese-version Short Health Anxiety Inventory:An investigation of university students[J].Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat,2015,11:1739-1747.
[13] SALKOVSKIS P M,RIMES K A,WARWICK H M,et al.The Health Anxiety Inventory:Development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis[J].Psychol Med,2002,32(5):843-853.
[14] SPIELBERGER C D.Manual for the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory:STAI(form Y)[M].Palo Alto,CA:Consulting Psychologists Press,1983:577.
[15] KUBOTA Y,HEISS G,MACLEHOSE R F,et al.Association of educational attainment with lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease:The atherosclerosis risk in communities study[J].JAMA Intern Med,2017, 177(8):1165-1172.
[16] HAMAD R,NGUYEN T T,BHATTACHARYA J,et al.Educational attainment and cardiovascular disease in the United States:A quasi-experimental instrumental variables analysis[J].PLoS Med,2019,16(6):e1002834.
[17] MAGNANI J W,NING H,WILKINS J T,et al.Educational Attainment and Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease[J].JAMA Cardiol,2024, 9(1):45-54.