职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 3313-3318.

• 论著 •    下一篇

广西壮族自治区铁合金冶炼行业烟/尘危害状况及风险分析

黄翔, 段平宁, 傅松文, 周本建, 聂传丽(), 麦骊风()   

  1. 广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院职业卫生与毒性评价所广西 南宁 530021
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-23 修回日期:2025-04-04 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通信作者: 麦骊风,高级工程师,E-mail:229570299@qq.com;聂传丽,正高级工程师,E-mail:409437947@qq.com
  • 作者简介:黄翔,男,主任医师,高级工程师,主要从事职业病危害防治工作。
  • 基金资助:
    广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z-A20240365);广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会适宜技术课题(S2023051)

Hazard situation and risk analysis of fumes/dust in the ferroalloy smelting industry of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

HUANG Xiang, DUAN Pingning, FU Songwen, ZHOU Benjian, NIE Chuanli(), MAI Lifeng()   

  1. Institute of Occupational Health and Toxicity EvaluationGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases,NanningGuangxi 530021, China
  • Received:2025-03-23 Revised:2025-04-04 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2026-01-22
  • Contact: MAI Lifeng,Senior engineer,E-mail:229570299@qq.com;NIE Chuanli,Professor-level senior engineer,E-mail:409437947@qq.com

摘要:

目的 了解广西壮族自治区铁合金冶炼生产过程中的烟/尘状况及风险程度。方法 2022年5—10月对广西壮族自治区铁合金冶炼企业进行横断面调查,收集主要岗位烟/尘中主要危害因素(粉尘、锰及其化合物、铅及其化合物)浓度的水平并进行分析,运用作业分级法、风险指数法进行职业危害因素风险水平分级。结果 广西壮族自治区铁合金冶炼行业主要作业岗位10%≤游离二氧化硅≤50%的矽尘、50%<游离二氧化硅≤80%的矽尘以及锰及其化合物超标率分别为24.12%、58.33%及24.24%,最大超标倍数分别为6.00、7.43及11.9倍,最高浓度均出现在精整岗位,同种危害因素在各主要岗位间的暴露水平总体接近。危害作业分级法及风险指数法评估结果的95%CI上界值分别为2.948及3.014,行业整体风险程度为中等风险。结论 广西壮族自治区铁合金冶炼行业主要岗位的烟/尘危害均较严重,中高风险的占比仍较高,在现有条件下仍存在新发职业病的可能,应加强综合防治及监管,以降低工人实际接触水平及健康风险程度。

关键词: 铁合金冶炼, 烟/尘, 风险

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the status and risk level of smoke/dust in the production process of ferroalloy smelting in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on ferroalloy smelting enterprises in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from May to October 2022. The concentrations of main hazards(dust,manganese and its compounds,lead and its compounds) in the fumes/dust of major positions were collected and analyzed. The risk levels of occupational hazard factors were evaluated using the job classification method and the risk index method. Results The exceedance rates of silica dust with 10%≤free silica≤50%,silica dust with 50%<free silica≤80%,and manganese and its compounds at the major positions in the ferroalloy smelting industry in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were 24.12%,58.33% and 24.24%,respectively. The maximum exceedance multiples were 6.00,7.43,and 11.9 times,respectively. The highest concentrations all occurring at the finishing position. The exposure levels of the same hazard factors were generally similar across the main positions. The upper bounds of the 95%CI for the hazard job classification method and risk index method were 2.948 and 3.014,respectively,indicating that the overall risk level of the industry was moderate. Conclusion The fumes/dust hazards in the major positions of the ferroalloy smelting industry in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region are relatively severe,with a high proportion of medium and high risks. There is still a possibility of new occupational diseases under current conditions. Strengthening comprehensive prevention and control as well as supervision is necessary to reduce the actual exposure levels and health risks for workers.

Key words: Ferroalloy smelting, Fumes/dust, Risk

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