职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 3329-3333.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于资源保存理论对精神科护士职业倦怠影响因素及管理对策研究

赵静1, 朱嘉琪2, 乞盟1, 王蕾蕾1, 韩笑乐1()   

  1. 1 首都医科大学附属北京回龙观医院北京 100096
    2 首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院北京 100045
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-25 修回日期:2025-04-09 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通信作者: 韩笑乐,副主任医师,E-mail:13681480466@126.com
  • 作者简介:赵静,女,副主任护师,主要从事精神护理与管理工作。
  • 基金资助:
    北京市属医院科研培育计划(PX2023068)

Research on the influencing factors and management strategies of occupational burnout among psychiatric nurses based on resource conservation theory

ZHAO Jing1, ZHU Jiaqi2, QI Meng1, WANG Leilei1, HAN Xiaole1()   

  1. 1 Beijing Huilongguan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100096, China
    2 Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100045, China
  • Received:2025-03-25 Revised:2025-04-09 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2026-01-22
  • Contact: HAN Xiaole,Associate chief physician,E-mail:13681480466@126.com

摘要:

目的 探讨精神科护士职业倦怠现状及影响因素,从资源保存理论出发提出针对性管理对策。方法 2023年3—5月采用方便抽样法抽取我国不同地区的公立医院,共抽取18个省市25所医院,并根据纳入排除标准抽取精神科护士作为研究对象。使用一般人口学资料调查表、职业倦怠量表、失眠严重程度指数、患者健康问卷抑郁量表、广泛性焦虑障碍量表及护士离职倾向量表进行横断面调查,通过二元logistic回归分析精神科护士职业倦怠的影响因素。结果 问卷回收782份,有效问卷753份,有效问卷率96.29%。调查对象职业倦怠检出534例,占70.92%,职业疲倦各维度得分:情感衰竭为(8.77±7.75)分,玩世不恭为(5.21±5.60)分,成就感低落为(18.84±10.17)分,成就感低落高于临界值。单因素分析结果显示,医院等级、年龄、性别、工作年限、失眠、焦虑及抑郁情绪对精神科护士职业倦怠的程度有影响(均P<0.05)。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,医院等级、性别、失眠、焦虑及年龄是精神科护士职业倦怠的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 精神科护士职业倦怠程度较重,执业于二级及以下医院工作、男性、高年资护士、有失眠、焦虑及抑郁情绪的护士职业倦怠程度较重。护理管理者应根据其影响因素从资源保存理论视角采取有效措施,降低精神科护士职业倦怠发生率和程度。

关键词: 精神科护士, 职业倦怠, 影响因素, 资源保存理论, 管理对策

Abstract:

Objective To explore the current situation of occupational burnout among psychiatric nurses and analyze the influencing factors,and propose targeted management strategies based on resource conservation theory. Methods From March to May 2023,a convenience sampling was used to select public hospitals from different regions of China,with a total of 25 hospitals from 18 provinces and cities,and psychiatric nurses were selected as research subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a general demographic survey,the MBI-GS(burnout inventory),the insomnia severity index(ISI),the patient health questionnaire depression scale(PHQ-9),the generalized anxiety disorder scale(GAD-7),and the nurse turnover intention scale. The influencing factors of occupational burnout among psychiatric nurses were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results Totally 782 questionnaires were collected,with 753 valid questionnaires and a valid questionnaire rate of 96.29%. Totally 534 cases(70.92%) of occupational burnout were detected among the surveyed subjects. The scores of various dimensions of occupational burnout were emotional exhaustion(8.77±7.75)points,cynicism(5.21±5.60)points,and low sense of achievement(18.84±10.17)points,with low sense of achievement exceeding the critical value. The results of univariate analysis showed that hospital level,age,gender,years of work experience,insomnia,anxiety and depression had an impact on the degree of occupational burnout among psychiatric nurses(all P<0.05). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that hospital level,gender,insomnia,anxiety,and age were the influencing factors of occupational burnout among psychiatric nurses(all P<0.05). Conclusion The degree of occupational burnout among psychiatric nurses is relatively severe. Nurses who work in secondary and lower level hospitals,are male,senior nurses,have insomnia,anxiety,and depression have a higher degree of occupational burnout. Nursing managers should take effective measures from the perspective of resource conservation theory based on their influencing factors to reduce the incidence and degree of occupational burnout among psychiatric nurses.

Key words: Psychiatric nurses, Occupational burnout, Influencing factors, Resource conservation theory, Management strategies

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