职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 3344-3349.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于现场检测和数值模拟方法研究清花车间棉尘产生特征

隋心1, 靳俊梅1, 蒋仲安2, 王树松1, 潘兴富1, 牛东升1()   

  1. 1 北京市职业病防治院北京 100093
    2 北京科技大学北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-28 修回日期:2025-06-18 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通信作者: 牛东升,正高级工程师,E-mail:13671189114@139.com
  • 作者简介:隋心,女,博士后,主要从事职业卫生相关工作。

Study on characteristics of cotton dust generation in cleaning workshop based on on-site detection and numerical simulation methods

SUI Xin1, JIN Junmei1, JIANG Zhongan2, WANG Shusong1, PAN Xingfu1, NIU Dongsheng1()   

  1. 1 Beijing Prevention and Treatment Hospital of Occupational DiseaseBeijing 100093, China
    2 Beijing University of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100083, China
  • Received:2025-05-28 Revised:2025-06-18 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2026-01-22
  • Contact: NIU Dongsheng,Senior engineer,E-mail:13671189114@139.com

摘要:

目的 了解某棉纺纱企业清花车间内棉尘产生特征,为清花车间棉尘工程防护设施设计提供参考依据。方法 2024年7月,按照国家相关标准要求,对西北地区某棉纺纱企业清花车间内工作场所的棉尘进行采集,并对检测结果进行分析;结合Fluent软件模拟结果,分析西北地区某棉纺纱企业清花车间棉尘产生特征。结果 西北地区某棉纺纱企业清花车间内,异纤机异纤收集袋附近棉尘CPE浓度为2.60 mg/m3,抓棉机棉包附近为0.77 mg/m3;不同工作班制下,该车间棉尘的职业健康风险等级均为中等及以上;异纤收集袋1 m处的棉尘浓度与其他检测点位浓度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);棉尘理化性质分析表明,车间内90%的棉尘粒径小于1 μm;Fluent模拟结果显示,车间内3个异纤收集袋是棉尘污染的主要来源;模拟结果与现场实测浓度高度一致。结论 西北地区某棉纺纱企业清花车间棉尘以小于1 μm的有机物质为主,主要来源于异纤收集袋,导致了巡检路线的棉尘浓度增加,影响了劳动者作业环境。

关键词: 清花, 棉尘, 棉纺纱, Fluent模拟

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the characteristics of cotton dust generation in the cleaning workshop of a cotton spinning enterprise and provide a reference for the design of engineering protective facilities for cotton dust in the workshop. Methods In July2024,following relevant national standards,the cotton dust samples were collected from the workplace of the cleaning workshop in a cotton-spinning enterprise in Northwest China,and the test results were analyzed. Combined with Fluent software simulation results,the characteristics of cotton dust generation in the cleaning workshop of a cotton-spinning enterprise in Northwest China were studied. Results In the cleaning workshop of a cotton spinning enterprise in Northwest China,the CPE concentration of cotton dust near the foreign fiber collection bag of the foreign fiber machine was 2.60 mg/m3,and that near the cotton bale of the cotton grabbing machine was 0.77 mg/m3. Under different work shifts,the occupational health risk level of cotton dust in the workshop was moderate or higher. The cotton dust concentration at 1 m from the foreign fiber collection bag showed a statistically significant difference compared to the concentrations at other measurement points(P<0.05). The physicochemical analysis of cotton dust indicated that 90% of the cotton dust particles in the workshop had a diameter smaller than 1 μm. Fluent simulation results revealed that the three foreign fiber collection bags in the workshop were the primary sources of cotton dust pollution. The simulation results were highly consistent with the measured concentrations on-site. Conclusion The cotton dust in the cleaning workshop of the cotton spinning enterprise in Northwest China is primarily composed of organic substances with particle sizes smaller than 1 μm,mainly originating from the foreign fiber collection bags,which leads to increased cotton dust concentrations along the inspection routes,adversely affecting the working environment for employees.

Key words: Clearing, Cotton dust, Cotton spinning, Fluent simulation

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