职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 3339-3343.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

制造企业噪声作业人员佩戴耳塞的舒适度现状及与个人声衰减值的关联性分析

温薇1, 舒林焰2, 郭建宇1, 汤佳3, 林瀚生1, 肖斌1,3()   

  1. 1 广东省职业病防治院广东 广州 510300
    2 广东医科大学公共卫生学院广东 东莞 523808
    3 南方医科大学公共卫生学院广东 广州 510515
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-06 修回日期:2025-06-29 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通信作者: 肖斌,主任医师,E-mail:binny811@163.com
  • 作者简介:温薇,女,主任医师,主要从事职业卫生评价工作。
  • 基金资助:
    国家临床重点专科建设项目(2011-09);广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(B2023408);广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(A2020521);2021年度广州市海珠区科技计划项目(海科工商信计2022-53);广东省职业病防治院重点科研课题项目(Z2022001);广东省职业病防治院重点科研课题项目(Z2023-12)

Analysis of the current status of earplugs wearing comfort and its correlation with personal attenuation ratings among noise-exposed workers in manufacturing enterprises

WEN Wei1, SHU Linyan2, GUO Jianyu1, TANG Jia3, LIN Hansheng1, XIAO Bin1,3()   

  1. 1 Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and TreatmentGuangzhouGuangdong 510300, China
    2 School of Public HealthGuangdong Medical University,DongguanGuangdong 523808, China
    3 School of Public HealthSouthern Medical University,GuangzhouGuangdong 510515, China
  • Received:2025-05-06 Revised:2025-06-29 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2026-01-22
  • Contact: XIAO Bin,Chief physician,E-mail:binny811@163.com

摘要:

目的 探索噪声作业人员佩戴耳塞的舒适度现状及其与个人声衰减值(personal attenuation ratings ,PARs)的关系,为噪声作业人员科学佩戴耳塞提供参考依据。方法 2022—2023年采用方便抽样,选择广东省3家制造业441名噪声作业工人为研究对象,调查其佩戴耳塞舒适度情况,根据研究对象日常佩戴耳塞类型,选用同类型探针式测试耳塞进行PARs测试,运用广义线性回归分析舒适度与PARs的关联性。结果 在441名噪声暴露作业人员中,有297人(67.3%)佩戴泡棉型耳塞,144人(32.7%)佩戴预成型耳塞;整体不舒适有292人(66.2%),舒适度具体指标中“佩戴耳塞后的正常交流”不舒适占比最高为67.3%,其次,研究对象在佩戴预成型耳塞组最不舒适为“佩戴耳塞的松紧度”,评分为(3.0±1.2)分,泡棉型耳塞组为“佩戴耳塞后的正常交流”,评分为(3.0±1.1)分,预成型耳塞组舒适度得分高于泡棉型耳塞组(P<0.01),其中“耳塞的软硬度”得分相差最大。通过泡棉型和预成型探针式耳塞进行PARs测试,2组PARs分别为15.0(4.0,20.0)和 2.0(0.0,11.8)dB。广义线性回归分析结果提示,耳塞佩戴整体舒适度与PARs呈负相关(P<0.05);在各舒适度指标中,耳塞佩戴疼痛感、堵感、胀感或痒感、耳塞佩戴后的异常交流、耳塞的透气性等均与PARs呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论 噪声作业工人佩戴降噪耳塞后存在较多不舒适现象,主要体现佩戴耳塞后影响了正常交流,耳塞的透气性不佳以及佩戴耳塞引起的疼痛感、堵感、胀感等。此外,耳塞佩戴舒适度与PARs存在负相关关系,建议企业和劳动者综合考虑降噪耳塞的舒适度和PARs,科学选用降噪耳塞。

关键词: 制造企业, 噪声, 耳塞, 个人声衰减值, 舒适度

Abstract:

Objective To explore the current status of comfort among noise-exposed workers wearing earplugs and its relationship with personal attenuation ratings(PARs), providing a reference for enterprises and noise-exposed workers to scientifically wear earplugs. Methods From 2022 to 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select 441 workers exposed to noise from 3 manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province as the research subjects, and the comfort level of their earplug wearing was investigated. According to the types of earplugs that the research subjects usually wore, the same type of probe-style test earplugs were selected for PARs tests. Generalized linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between comfort level and PARs. Results Among 441 noise-exposed workers, 297(67.3%) wore foam earplugs, and 144(32.7%) wore pre-molded earplugs. Overall discomfort was reported by 292(66.2%) workers,with "normal communication after wearing earplugs" being the most uncomfortable indicator(67.3%). In the pre-molded earplug group, the most uncomfortable indicator was "tightness of earplugs"[(3.0±1.2)points], while in the foam earplug group, it was "normal communication after wearing earplugs"[(3.0±1.1)points]. The comfort score of the pre-molded earplug group was higher than that of the foam earplug group(P<0.01), with the largest difference observed in the "softness and hardness of earplugs" indicator. Additionally, PARs testing using probe-type foam and pre-molded earplugs showed median PARs values of 15.0(4.0,20.0) and 2.0(0.0,11.8) dB, respectively. Generalized linear regression results indicated that overall earplug comfort was negatively correlated with PARs(P<0.05). Among the comfort indicators,factors such as pain,blockage, swelling,itching,normal communication after wearing earplugs, and breathability of earplugs were all negatively correlated with PARs (all P<0.05). Conclusion Noise-exposed workers experience significant discomfort when wearing noise reduction earplugs, primarily manifested as impaired normal communication, poor breathability,and sensations of pain,blockage,and swelling caused by wearing earplugs. Furthermore,there is a negative correlation between earplugs wearing comfort and PARs. It is recommended that enterprises and workers comprehensively consider both comfort and PARs of noise reduction earplugs,and scientifically select noise reduction earplugs.

Key words: Manufacturing enterprises, Noise, Earplugs, Personal attenuation ratings, Comfort

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