职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (24): 3401-3407.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2003—2019年31个重点城市大气NO2的污染特征分析

廖岩, 王丽, 张文丽()   

  1. 中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所北京 100021
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-25 修回日期:2025-04-21 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通信作者: 张文丽,研究员,E-mail:zhangwenli@nieh.chinacdc.cn
  • 作者简介:廖岩,女,副研究员,主要从事环境健康与防护工作。

Analysis of atmospheric NO2 pollution characteristics in 31 key cities in China from 2003 to 2019

LIAO Yan, WANG Li, ZHANG Wenli()   

  1. National Institute of Environmental HealthChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100021, China
  • Received:2025-03-25 Revised:2025-04-21 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2026-01-22
  • Contact: ZHANG Wenli,Researcher,E-mail:zhangwenli@nieh.chinacdc.cn

摘要:

目的 收集整理2003—2019年我国31个重点城市大气NO2污染数据,分析其变化趋势。方法 从国家统计局官网收集2003—2019年31个重点城市大气NO2年均质量浓度数据,依据GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》中的限值标准对NO2年均质量浓度进行判断。采用Daniel趋势检验法进行大气NO2的趋势检验。使用Kruskal-Wallis H检验比较不同分组间NO2污染水平差异。结果 2003—2019年31个重点城市大气NO2年平均质量浓度为(41±12)μg/m3,年平均下降率为0.79%。不同年度NO2年均质量浓度差异无统计学意义(χ2=16.24,P>0.05)。西南、华南NO2污染较轻,华北和华中污染较重。西北地区NO2年均质量浓度呈上升趋势(rs=0.710,P<0.01),华东和华南地区呈下降趋势(rs=-0.757、-0.815,均P<0.01)。与2003年相比,2019年18个城市NO2年平均质量浓度呈不同程度的下降,降幅为2%~51%(年均下降率为0.1%~4.3%),8个城市(包括合肥市、太原市、长春市、西安市、郑州市、西宁市、贵阳市和石家庄市)NO2年平均质量浓度增幅为5%~68%(年均增长率为0.3%~3.3%);5个城市(沈阳市、南昌市、海口市、兰州市和银川市)NO2年平均质量浓度持平。趋势检验结果显示,9个城市(石家庄市、太原市、合肥市、济南市、郑州市、贵阳市、西安市、西宁市和银川市)NO2年均质量浓度呈上升趋势(均rs >0,均P<0.05),10个城市(北京市、哈尔滨市、上海市、南京市、杭州市、福州市、广州市、昆明市、拉萨市、乌鲁木齐市)NO2年均质量浓度呈下降趋势(均rs <0,均P<0.01)。2003—2019年7个城市(包括上海市、南京市、杭州市、武汉市、广州市、成都市、乌鲁木齐市)NO2年平均质量浓度每年都超标,3个城市(海口市、贵阳市和拉萨市)质量较好,NO2年平均质量浓度每年都达标。结论 我国31个重点城市大气NO2污染存在地区和城市差异,华北、华中和西北地区污染较重,京津冀及其周边、长三角、珠三角以及西部城市NO2防控形势依然严峻,今后针对NO2污染仍要继续采取综合治理措施、“因地制宜”及区域协同防控。

关键词: 大气污染, 二氧化氮, 防治

Abstract:

Objective To collect and organize the atmospheric nitrogen dioxide(NO2) pollution data in 31 key cities in China from 2003 to 2019,and analyze their changing trend. Methods Collect annual average mass concentration data of atmospheric NO2 in 31 key cities from 2003 to 2019 from the official website of the National Bureau of Statistics,and evaluate the annual average mass concentration of NO2 based on the limit standards in GB 3095-2012 "the Ambient Air Quality Standards". The Daniel trend test method was used to evaluate the annual trend of atmospheric NO2 mass concentration,and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the differences of NO2 mass concentrations in different groups. Results The annual average mass concentration of atmospheric NO2 in 31 key cities from 2003 to 2019 was (41±12)μg/m3,with an annual average decline rate of 0.79%. There was no statistically significant difference in the annual average mass concentration of NO2 between different years(χ2=16.24,P>0.05). NO2 pollution was relatively mild in Southwest and South China,and more severe in North and Central China. The annual average mass concentration of NO2 in the Northwest China showed an upward trend(rs=0.710,P<0.01),while in the East China and South China,it showed a downward trend(rs=-0.757,-0.815,both P<0.01). Compared with 2003,the annual average mass concentration of NO2 in 18 cities in 2019 showed varying degrees of decline,with a decrease of 2% to 51%(an average annual decrease rate of 0.1% to 4.3%),the annual average mass concentration of NO2 in 8 cities(including Hefei,Taiyuan,Changchun,Xi'an,Zhengzhou,Xining,Guiyang,and Shijiazhuang) increased by 5% to 68%(an average annual growth rate of 0.3% to 3.3%),and the annual average mass concentration of NO2 remained the same in 5 cities(Shenyang,Nanchang,Haikou,Lanzhou,and Yinchuan). The trend test results showed that the annual average mass concentration of NO2 in 9 cities(Shijiazhuang,Taiyuan,Hefei,Jinan,Zhengzhou,Guiyang,Xi'an,Xining,and Yinchuan) showed an upward trend(all rs>0,all P<0.05),while in 10 cities(Beijing,Harbin,Shanghai,Nanjing,Hangzhou,Fuzhou,Guangzhou,Kunming,Lhasa,Urumqi),the annual average mass concentration of NO2 showed a downward trend(all rs<0,all P<0.01). From 2003 to 2019,the annual average mass concentration of NO2 in seven cities(Shanghai,Nanjing,Hangzhou,Wuhan,Guangzhou,Chengdu,and Urumqi) exceeded the standard limit every year,while three cities(Haikou,Guiyang,and Lhasa) had good quality and were within the standard limit every year. Conclusion There are regional and urban differences in atmospheric NO2 pollution in 31 key cities in China,with heavy pollution in North China,Central China,and Northwest China. The situation of NO2 prevention and control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas,the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta,and western cities remains severe. In the future,comprehensive treatment measures,"tailored measures",and regional coordinated prevention and control should continue to be taken for NO2 pollution.

Key words: Air pollution, NO2, Prevention and control

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