黔产金刺梨致SD大鼠亚慢性毒性实验研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究金刺梨对SD大鼠的毒性作用，确定靶器官，提供不良效应水平估计值，为特色植物资源做食品原料开发提供研究基础。方法基于半数致死剂量（median lethal dose，LD₅₀）试验结果，按照食品90天经口毒性实验国标方法要求，以金刺梨作为受试物，SD大鼠作为实验动物，设置0.0、10.0（1/16 LD₅₀）、20.0（1/8 LD₅₀）、40.0（1/4 LD₅₀） g/（kg·bw） 4个剂量组，按10 g/kg体质量的灌胃容量经口灌胃，连续喂养90天，观察各组大鼠体质量、摄食量、组织病理和血液生理生化指标变化。结果与对照组相比，实验组大鼠体质量、进食量、食物利用率间比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）；部分实验组大鼠尿液pH、尿比重、尿糖发生变化，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；部分实验组大鼠血液碱性磷酸酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶含量发生变化，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；部分实验组大鼠血液淋巴细胞百分比、中性粒细胞比值、血小板、白细胞计数发生变化，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；部分实验组大鼠子宫重量、子宫体质量比、睾丸器官重量发生变化，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；高剂量组大鼠病理组织学检查未观察到与受试物相关的不良改变；雌、雄大鼠金刺梨实际摄入未观察到有害作用剂量均≥40 000 mg/kg。结论在实验剂量和干预期限下，未观察到大鼠病理组织改变，大鼠血液生化水平未见负面影响，提示金刺梨属无毒级，无亚慢性毒性，无潜在的食用安全风险。

关键词: 金刺梨, 90天喂养实验, 安全性评价

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the toxic effects of Rosa sterilis var. leioclada on SD rats，identify target organs，provide the estimation of the adverse effect level，and provide a research basis for the development of the characteristic plant resources as food ingredients. Methods Based on the results of the median lethal dose（LD₅₀） test，according to the "National standard of food safety 90-day oral toxicity test"，using Rosa sterilis var. leiocladaas the test material，SD rats as the experimental animals，set up four dosage groups of 0.0，10.0（1/16 LD₅₀），20.0（1/8 LD₅₀） and 40.0（1/4LD₅₀）g/（kg·bw），and each rat was orally gavaged once a day according to the gavage volume of 10 g/kg body weight，and continuously fed for 90 d. The rats were examined for body weight，food intake，histopathological changes，and blood physiological and biochemical indexes. Results Compared with the control group，the body weight，food intake and food utilization rate of rats in the experimental group did not change，and the differences were not statistically significant（all P>0.05）.The urine PH，urine specific gravity，urine glucose of rats in some experimental groups changed，and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）.The blood alkaline phosphatase and glutamic oxaloacetic aminase content of rats in some experimental groups changed，and the differences were statistically significant（both P<0.05）.Changes in blood lymphocyte percentage，neutrophil ratio，platelet and leukocyte count in some experimental groups of rats showed statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）.Changes in uterine weight，uterine body mass ratio，testicle weight in some experimental groups of rats showed statistically significant differences（all P<0.05）.No adverse changes related to the test substance were observed in the histopathological examination of rats in the high-dose group. The actual intake of Rosa sterilis var. leioclada in female and male rats did not observe harmful effects at doses not less than 40 000 mg/kg. Conclusion Under the experimental dosage and intervention period，no pathological tissue changes were observed in rats，and there was no negative effect on the blood biochemical level of rats，suggesting that the Rosa sterilis var. leioclada is non-toxic，has no sub-chronic toxicity，and has no potential risk of safety in consumption.

Key words: Rosa sterilis var. leioclada, 90-day feeding experiment, Safety evaluation

中图分类号:

R114

武茂瑞, 刘泳廷, 郑冲, 林野, 殷明月, 刘利亚. 黔产金刺梨致SD大鼠亚慢性毒性实验研究. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(2): 161-167.

WU Maorui, LIU Yongting, ZHENG Chong, LIN Ye, YIN Mingyue, LIU Liya. Experimental study on subchronic toxicity of Guizhou produced Rosa sterilis var. leioclada in SD rats. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(2): 161-167.

图/表 12

参考文献 25

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性别	剂量组	初始体质量（g）	终体质量（g）	体质量增长量（g）	总进食量（g）	总食物利用率（%）
雌	高剂量组	92.60±7.21	308.30±29.92	215.70±31.39	1 692.20±242.80	12.72±0.68
	中剂量组	92.20±7.45	327.00±27.12	234.80±24.80	1 885.00±146.32	12.45±0.71
	低剂量组	91.50±6.87	319.00±40.34	227.50±39.06	1 769.90±207.75	12.79±0.89
	对照组	90.60±7.11	315.10±29.52	224.50±29.61	1 751.90±132.35	12.78±0.99
雄	高剂量组	105.70±6.55	542.08±60.69	469.70±72.38	2 393.00±366.66	19.79±3.12
	中剂量组	106.10±5.95	576.10±38.39	470.00±37.71	2 383.50±148.02	19.72±1.09
	低剂量组	106.20±6.88	584.90±33.70	478.70±38.47	2 453.30±130.62	19.51±1.11
	对照组	105.80±6.43	597.20±51.60	491.40±53.06	2 554.90±208.80	19.21±0.98

性别	剂量组	初始体质量（g）	终体质量（g）	体质量增长量（g）	总进食量（g）	总食物利用率（%）
雌	高剂量组	92.60±7.21	308.30±29.92	215.70±31.39	1 692.20±242.80	12.72±0.68
	中剂量组	92.20±7.45	327.00±27.12	234.80±24.80	1 885.00±146.32	12.45±0.71
	低剂量组	91.50±6.87	319.00±40.34	227.50±39.06	1 769.90±207.75	12.79±0.89
	对照组	90.60±7.11	315.10±29.52	224.50±29.61	1 751.90±132.35	12.78±0.99
雄	高剂量组	105.70±6.55	542.08±60.69	469.70±72.38	2 393.00±366.66	19.79±3.12
	中剂量组	106.10±5.95	576.10±38.39	470.00±37.71	2 383.50±148.02	19.72±1.09
	低剂量组	106.20±6.88	584.90±33.70	478.70±38.47	2 453.30±130.62	19.51±1.11
	对照组	105.80±6.43	597.20±51.60	491.40±53.06	2 554.90±208.80	19.21±0.98

剂量组	红细胞计数（×10¹²个/L）	白细胞计数（×10⁹个/L）	淋巴细胞（%）	中性粒细胞（%）	血红蛋白浓度（g/L）	红细胞压积（%）	血小板（×10⁹个/L）	凝血酶原时间（s）	活化部分凝血酶原时间（s）
高剂量组	7.99±0.95	2.75±1.17	79.36±5.82^a	16.26±5.94^a	150.00±20.39	43.77±4.75	762.30±121.26^a	11.54±0.45	11.40±0.43
中剂量组	8.03±0.33	3.22±0.94	80.63±5.45	14.98±5.56	153.80±5.65	45.22±1.83	844.60±83.59	11.25±0.51	12.85±3.44
低剂量组	7.89±0.48	3.07±0.98	80.95±5.12	12.99±4.39	146.90±7.42	43.39±2.27	836.50±87.50	11.55±0.44	12.14±1.01
对照组	8.09±0.29	3.60±1.53	85.43±4.16	10.52±3.13	150.30±7.24	44.18±1.86	881.30±101.93	11.35±0.40	12.52±3.01
F值	0.206	0.892	0.574	2.631	2.618	0.722	2.505	1.073	0.705
P值	0.891	0.455	0.636	0.065	0.066	0.546	0.075	0.373	0.555

剂量组	红细胞计数（×10¹²个/L）	白细胞计数（×10⁹个/L）	淋巴细胞（%）	中性粒细胞（%）	血红蛋白浓度（g/L）	红细胞压积（%）	血小板（×10⁹个/L）	凝血酶原时间（s）	活化部分凝血酶原时间（s）
高剂量组	7.99±0.95	2.75±1.17	79.36±5.82^a	16.26±5.94^a	150.00±20.39	43.77±4.75	762.30±121.26^a	11.54±0.45	11.40±0.43
中剂量组	8.03±0.33	3.22±0.94	80.63±5.45	14.98±5.56	153.80±5.65	45.22±1.83	844.60±83.59	11.25±0.51	12.85±3.44
低剂量组	7.89±0.48	3.07±0.98	80.95±5.12	12.99±4.39	146.90±7.42	43.39±2.27	836.50±87.50	11.55±0.44	12.14±1.01
对照组	8.09±0.29	3.60±1.53	85.43±4.16	10.52±3.13	150.30±7.24	44.18±1.86	881.30±101.93	11.35±0.40	12.52±3.01
F值	0.206	0.892	0.574	2.631	2.618	0.722	2.505	1.073	0.705
P值	0.891	0.455	0.636	0.065	0.066	0.546	0.075	0.373	0.555

剂量组	红细胞计数（×10¹²个/L）	白细胞计数（×10⁹个/L）	淋巴细胞（%）	中性粒细胞（%）	血红蛋白浓度（g/L）	红细胞压积（%）	血小板（×10⁹个/L）	凝血酶原时间（s）	活化部分凝血酶原时间（s）
高剂量组	8.72±0.51	4.90±1.18^a	79.69±4.09	15.66±2.61	153.60±7.40	43.58±2.21	956.50±129.63	11.80±0.99	11.33±0.31
中剂量组	8.98±0.45	6.09±2.20	79.46±8.06	16.42±7.61	156.60±9.02	43.73±1.92	1 005.10±126.65	11.91±0.33	11.24±0.05
低剂量组	9.07±0.80	6.64±1.87	81.25±6.21	13.96±5.27	157.30±9.43	44.72±3.07	936.90±81.37	12.23±0.62	12.36±3.53
对照组	8.65±0.40	7.92±2.26	83.86±3.80	11.65±4.11	153.50±6.85	43.26±1.80	990.50±222.69	14.16±4.13	12.02±2.39
F值	1.310	4.230	1.219	1.638	0.579	0.747	0.436	2.636	0.644
P值	0.286	0.012	0.317	0.198	0.633	0.531	0.729	0.064	0.592