职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 178-183.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

安顺市常见毒蘑菇分布及中毒危害风险因素分析

王灵秋1,2, 戴乾1,2, 沈昱翔3, 何应霞3, 陈珊1,2, 陈建1,2()   

  1. 1.安顺市疾病预防控制中心,贵州 安顺 561000
    2.安顺市食品风险监测重点实验室,贵州 安顺 561000
    3.安顺学院,贵州 安顺 561000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-23 修回日期:2025-04-15 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-02-06
  • 通信作者: 陈建,E-mail:chenjian7156@163.com
  • 作者简介:王灵秋,女,主任医师,主要从事食品安全工作。
  • 基金资助:
    2022年贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2022-204);《安顺市食品安全风险监测重点实验室》,安顺市科技创新平台建设项目(安市科平(2022)1号)

Distribution of common poisonous mushrooms in Anshun City and analysis of risk factors for poisoning hazards

WANG Lingqiu1,2, DAI Qian1,2, SHEN Yuxiang3, HE Yingxia3, CHEN Shan1,2, CHEN Jian1,2()   

  1. 1. Anshun Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Anshun,Guizhou 561000,China
    2. Anshun Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Monitoring,Anshun,Guizhou 561000,China
    3. Anshun University,Anshun,Guizhou 561000,China
  • Received:2025-03-23 Revised:2025-04-15 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-02-06

摘要:

目的 了解安顺市常见毒蘑菇分布,分析本地毒蘑菇中毒事件的流行病学特征、地域相关分布及中毒风险因素,为有效预防毒蘑菇中毒提供防控措施。 方法 通过资源性调查,了解安顺市常见毒蘑菇分布;采用描述性研究方法分析2019—2023年安顺市毒蘑菇中毒事件流行病学特征,实地调研毒蘑菇危害因素。 结果 资源性调查结果显示,经中国疾病预防控制中心鉴定明确安顺有4种致命剧毒蘑菇:淡红鹅膏、肉褐鳞环柄菇、毒环柄菇、亚稀褶红菇。2019—2023年安顺市共报告毒蘑菇中毒事件41起,暴露人数181人,患者人数144人,罹患率为79.56%。中毒事件集中在5—11月,占食源性疾病事件总数的25.00%。暴露场所以家庭为主占95.12%(χ2=24.611,P<0.01),农村发生率高于城市;中毒发病年龄以≥21岁为主,占75.69%;各县区蘑菇中毒事件差异有统计学意义(χ2=40.938,P<0.01)。 结论 毒蘑菇中毒为安顺市食物中毒暴发事件的主要原因之一。应在毒蘑菇中毒发生的地区、场所、高发季节前开展毒蘑菇专项食品安全健康知识宣教,以提高公众健康知识的认知及基层医疗机构对毒蘑菇中毒救治的能力,从而减少毒蘑菇中毒事件的发生。

关键词: 毒蘑菇, 中毒, 流行病学特征, 危害因素分析

Abstract:

Objective To understand the distribution of common poisonous mushrooms in Anshun City,analyze the epidemiological characteristics,geographically relevant distribution and poisoning risk factors of local poisonous mushroom poisoning events,and provide scientific preventive and control measures for poisonous mushroom poisoning. Methods Conduct a resource-based survey to understand the distribution of common poisonous mushrooms in Anshun City. Using descriptive epideiology to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mushroom poisoning incidents in Anshun City from 2019 to 2023,and conducting field research on the risk factors of mushroom poisoning. Results The results of the resource survey showed that four species of lethal and highly toxic mushrooms were identified in Anshun City by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention:reddish gooseberry,fleshy brown scaly ringstalker,poisonous ringstalker,and sub-scarce pleated red mushroom.A total of 41 cases of poisonous mushroom poisoning were reported in Anshun from 2019 to 2023,with 181 exposed individuals and 144 patients,and an illness rate of 79.56%.Poisoning incidents were concentrated from May to November,accounting for 25% of the total number of foodborne disease incidents. Exposure places were mainly families,accounting for 95.12%(χ2=24.611,P<0.01),and the incidence rate in rural areas was higher than that in cities.The age of onset of poisoning was mainly ≥21 years old,accounting for 75.69%.There were significant differences in mushroom poisoning incidents among different counties and districts(χ2=40.938,P<0.01). Conclusion Mushroom poisoning is one of the main causes of the food poisoning events in Anshun City. Special food safety and health education on poisonous mushrooms should be carried out in areas,places,and high incidence seasons where poisonous mushroom poisoning occurs,in order to improve public health awareness and the ability of grassroots medical institutions to treat poisonous mushroom poisoning,thereby reducing the occurrence of poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents.

Key words: Poisonous mushrooms, Poisoning, Epideiological characteristics, Hazard factor analysis

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