职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 221-225.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020—2022年巴彦淖尔市空气污染物对儿童门诊量的影响

桂丽, 郭燕, 何玲玲, 郭丽, 索晓敏, 杨玉红()   

  1. 巴彦淖尔市疾病预防控制中心,内蒙古 巴彦淖尔 015000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-02 修回日期:2025-05-12 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-02-06
  • 通信作者: 杨玉红,E-mail:gy1456372154@163.com
  • 作者简介:桂丽,女,副主任医师,主要从事环境卫生学、学校卫生学与公共卫生学等相关研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    巴彦淖尔市科技计划项目(K2024030)

Impact of air pollutants on the outpatient volume of children in Bayannur from 2020 to 2022

GUI Li, GUO Yan, HE Lingling, GUO Li, SUO Xiaomin, YANG Yuhong()   

  1. Bayannur Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015000,China
  • Received:2025-04-02 Revised:2025-05-12 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-02-06

摘要:

目的 分析2020—2022年巴彦淖尔市空气污染物SO2、NO2、可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particulate matter,PM10)、CO、O3和细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM2.5)对儿童门诊量的影响。 方法 收集2020—2022年巴彦淖尔市医院儿童逐日门诊量、空气污染物监测资料,采用Spearman相关分析方法分析空气污染物和儿童门诊量的相关关系;应用时间序列分析方法建立广义相加模型(generalized additive model,GAM),定量评估巴彦淖尔市空气污染物对儿童门诊量的影响。 结果 巴彦淖尔市空气污染物主要为PM10、O3和PM2.5,超标率分别为1.6%、0.3%和2.5%,污染物发生率分别为44.02%、29.04%和7.12%。除O3外,取暖季各污染物浓度均高于非取暖季,且PM10、PM2.5超标天数全部集中在取暖季。污染物PM10、SO2、NO2、CO、PM2.5浓度值之间有较强的正相关(P<0.01),这5种污染物与O3存在较强的负相关(P<0.01);2020—2022年巴彦淖尔市儿童总门诊量和呼吸系统门诊量与污染物PM2.5、PM10呈较强正相关(P<0.01)。PM2.5累积滞后效应大于单日滞后效应,单日滞后情况下,最大值出现在lag0,儿童总门诊量、呼吸系统门诊量分别为0.062%(95%CI:0.03%~0.09%)和0.063%(95%CI:0.02%~0.10%)。累积滞后情况下,PM2.5每升高10 μg/m3在滞后5天的儿童总门诊和呼吸系统门诊就诊风险最大,分别增加0.117%(95%CI:0.06%~0.18%)和0.116%(95%CI:0.04%~0.19%)。 结论 巴彦淖尔市儿童总门诊量和呼吸系统门诊量受到PM2.5的影响,且PM2.5在累积滞后5天时对门诊量影响最大,这为建立区域污染物与健康效应的预测预警机制以及制定干预措施提供有效参考。

关键词: 空气污染物, 门诊量, 呼吸系统

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the impact of air pollutants SO2,NO2,inhalable particulate matter(PM10),CO,O3,and fine particulate matter(PM2.5) on the outpatient volume of children in Bayannur from 2020 to 2022. Methods The daily outpatient volume of children and air pollutant monitoring data of Bayannur from 2020 to 2022 were collected. The spearman correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between air pollutants and children's outpatient volume. A generalized additive model(GAM) was established by using time series analysis to quantitatively evaluate the impact of air pollutants on children's outpatient volume in Bayannur. Results The main air pollutants in Bayannur were PM10,O3,and PM2.5,with over-standard rates of 1.6%,0.3%,and 2.5%,respectively,and the incidence of pollutants were 44.02%,29.04% and 7.12%,respectively. Except for O3,the concentration of pollutants during heating season were higher than those during non-heating season,and the days of PM10 and PM2.5 exceeding the standard were all concentrated in the heating season.There were strong positive correlations between the concentration values of pollutants PM10,SO2,NO2,CO,and PM2.5(all P<0.01),and there were strong negative correlations between these five pollutants and O3(all P<0.01). The total outpatient volume of children and respiratory system outpatient volume in Bayannur from 2020 to 2022 showed strong positive correlations with pollutants PM2.5 and PM10(all P<0.01). The cumulative lag effect of PM2.5 was greater than the single day lag effect. In the case of single day lag,the maximum value occurred at lag0,and the total outpatient volume of children and respiratory system outpatient volume were 0.06%(95%CI:0.03%-0.09%) and 0.06%(95%CI:0.02%-0.10%),respectively. In the case of cumulative lag,for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5,the risk was highest in children's general clinic and respiratory system clinic with a 5-day lag,with an increase of 0.12%(95%CI:0.06%-0.18%) and 0.12%(95%CI:0.04%-0.19%),respectively. Conclusion The total outpatient volume and respiratory system outpatient volume of children in Bayannur were affected by PM2.5,and PM2.5 had the greatest impact on outpatient volume when the accumulation lag was five days. This provides effective reference for establishing a prediction and early warning mechanism for regional pollutants and health effects,as well as developing intervention measures.

Key words: Air pollutants, Outpatient volume, Respiratory system

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