职业与健康 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 676-680.

• 论著 • 上一篇    

2015—2021年崇左市学校突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析

赵秀昌, 黄泽英, 黄丽萍, 李秀哈   

  1. 崇左市疾病预防控制中心流行病预防控制科,广西 崇左 532200
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-15 修回日期:2022-07-26 发布日期:2026-03-03
  • 作者简介:赵秀昌,女,副主任医师,主要从事传染病预防与控制工作。
  • 基金资助:
    崇左市科技计划项目(202108ZC03)

Epidemiological analysis of public health emergencies in schools of Chongzuo City from 2015-2021

ZHAO Xiu-chang, HUANG Ze-ying, HUANG Li-ping, LI Xiu-ha   

  1. Epidemic Prevention and Control Department,Congzuo Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Congzuo Guangxi 532200,China
  • Received:2022-07-15 Revised:2022-07-26 Published:2026-03-03

摘要: 目的 了解2015—2021年广西壮族自治区崇左市学校突发公共卫生事件流行特征,以指导学校制定突发公共卫生事件防控策略提供依据。方法 通过国家《突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统》和各县(市、区)上报的已结案的突发事件资料,收集和整理2015—2021年崇左市学校突发公共卫生事件信息进行分析。结果 2015—2021年崇左市共报告突发公共卫生事件59起,其中学校事件43起,占72.88%。学校事件中传染病类事件37起,占86.05%,均为肠道类和呼吸道类传染病,罹患率排在前3位的病种是流行性感冒(10.72%)、手足口病(5.74%)和水痘(3.15%);食物中毒6起占13.95%,微生物性和植物性食物中毒各3起。分布呈3—5月和10—12月两个高峰。事件发生场所以托幼机构(48.84%)和小学(44.19%)为主,托幼机构罹患率(5.36%)最高,其次是小学(4.28%)(P<0.01)。不同地区及学校类型间罹患率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),农村托幼机构(10.21%)高于城镇(3.91%),城镇小学(4.62%)高于农村(3.81%)。疫情介入处置时间中位数为7天,疫情持续时间中位数为8 天,两者呈正相关(r=0.767,P<0.01)。结论 托幼机构和小学是崇左市学校突发公共卫生事件的高发场所,应在高发季节针对重点人群、重点疾病采取各项防控措施控制疫情。

关键词: 公共卫生事件, 流行病学特征, 学校, 传染病, 边境地区

Abstract: Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of public health emergencies in schools of Chongzuo City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2015-2021,so as to provide the basis for guiding schools to formulate prevention and control countermeasures for public health emergencies. Methods Based on the data of emergencies reported by national Public health emergency management information system and counties(cities,districts),the information of school public health emergencies in Chongzuo City from 2015 to 2021 was collected and sorted out for statistical analysis. Results From 2015 to 2021,totally 59 public health emergencies were reported in Chongzuo City,including 43 school incidents,accounting for 72.88%. Among school incidents,there were 37 emergencies of infectious diseases,all of which were intestinal and respiratory infectious diseases,and top three diseases in attack rate were influenza(10.72%),hand-foot-mouth disease(5.74%) and chicken pox(3.15%). There were six emergencies of food poisoning,accounting for 13.95%,including three emergencies of microbial poisoning and three emergencies of plant food poisoning. The distribution showed two peaks appeared from March to May and from October to December. The emergencies occurred mainly in nursery institutions(48.84%) and primary schools(44.19%),with the highest attack rate in nursery institutions(5.36%),followed by primary schools(4.28%)(P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in attack rate among different regions and types of schools(all P<0.01),the attack rate in rural nursery institutions(10.21%) was higher than that in urban institutions(3.91%),and that in urban primary schools(4.62%) was higher than that in rural areas(3.81%). The median intervention time was seven days,and the median duration was eight days,indicating a positive correlation between them(r=0.767, P<0.01). Conclusion The nursery institutions and primary schools are high-incidence places of school public health emergencies in Chongzuo City,and it is necessary to take various prevention and control measures to control the epidemic situation for key populations and key diseases in the high-incidence season.

Key words: Public health emergency, Epidemiological characteristics, School, Infectious disease, Border area

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