职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 368-373.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京市幼儿家庭三手烟暴露现况及其影响因素分析

李子慧1, 曹远2, 何郎志1, 石凡3, 孔浩南4, 王云1()   

  1. 1.北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系北京 100191
    2.北京市疾病预防控制中心北京 100013
    3.北京市门头沟区疾病预防控制中心北京 102300
    4.北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心北京 100021
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-30 修回日期:2025-05-09 出版日期:2026-02-01 发布日期:2026-03-06
  • 通信作者: 王云,E-mail:wangyun@bjmu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李子慧,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为环境与职业有害因素及其健康影响。
  • 基金资助:
    首都卫生发展科研专项(首发2022-2G-30111)

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of household thirdhand smoke exposure among preschool children in Beijing

LI Zihui1, CAO Yuan2, HE Langzhi1, SHI Fan3, KONG Haonan4, WANG Yun1()   

  1. 1. Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthSchool of Public Health,Peking UniversityBeijing 100191,China
    2. Beijing Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100013,China
    3. Beijing Mentougou District Center for Diseases Control and PreventionBeijing 102300,China
    4. Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Diseases Control and PreventionBeijing 100021,China
  • Received:2025-04-30 Revised:2025-05-09 Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-03-06
  • Contact: WANG Yun,E-mail:wangyun@bjmu.edu.cn

摘要:

目的 分析北京市幼儿在家庭环境中三手烟的暴露现况及其影响因素,为制定三手烟区域化防控和幼儿健康促进措施提供科学依据。方法 2023年2—4月采用分层整群抽样的方法选取1 748名北京市幼儿园在读4~6岁幼儿为研究对象进行问卷调查,收集幼儿家庭三手烟暴露特征,并对数据进行分析。结果 北京市幼儿家庭三手烟暴露率为58.12%。郊区幼儿家庭三手烟暴露率(70.97%)显著高于城区幼儿的暴露率(47.13%)(χ2=101.371,P<0.05)。幼儿家长年龄越小,文化程度越低,幼儿家庭三手烟暴露率越高(均P<0.05)。三手烟暴露类型中,混合暴露率最高(33.47%),其次为单一暴露(13.62%),偶然暴露率最低(11.04%)。郊区室内允许吸烟的幼儿家庭比例高于城区,且郊区存在多人吸烟(幼儿父母与祖父母均吸烟)的家庭比例更大、吸卷烟的比例更大,日均吸烟量高者较多、室内桌面/台面清洁频率更低(均P<0.05)。结论 北京市幼儿家庭三手烟暴露率处于较高水平,且受到居住地、家长年龄和家长文化程度等因素的影响。郊区幼儿三手烟暴露形式严峻,有必要制定区域化防控和健康干预措施,以有效降低幼儿三手烟暴露风险。

关键词: 三手烟, 幼儿, 暴露特征, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of thirdhand smoke(THS) exposure among preschool children in household environments in Beijing,so as to provide a scientific basis for developing regional THS prevention and control measures and promoting child health. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 748 children aged 4-6 years from kindergartens in Beijing from February to April 2023. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on household THS exposure characteristics,followed by statistical analysis. Results The household THS exposure rate among preschool children in Beijing was 58.12%. The exposure rate in suburban areas(70.97%) was significantly higher than that in urban areas(47.13%)(χ2=101.371,P<0.05). Younger parental age and lower parental education level were associated with higher THS exposure rates(all P<0.05). Among the types of THS exposure,mixed exposure was the most prevalent(33.47%),followed by single exposure(13.62%),and occasional exposure was the least common(11.04%). Suburban households had higher rates of indoor smoking permission,higher proportions of multi-smoker households(where both parents and grandparents smoke),greater prevalence of cigarette smoking,greater daily cigarette consumption,and lower frequencies of indoor surface cleaning compared to urban households(all P<0.05). Conclusion The household THS exposure rate among preschool children in Beijing remains high and is influenced by factors such as residential area,parental age,and education level. Suburban children face more severe THS exposure,necessitating targeted regional prevention and control and health intervention measures to effectively reduce THS exposure risks.

Key words: Thirdhand smoke, Preschool children, Exposure characteristics, Influencing factors

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