Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the safety of Penthorum chinense-Longan milk tablet and their intervention effects on type Ⅱ diabetic mice，so as to provide a reference for the development of functional food. Methods From May 1-7，2024，a 7-day acute toxicity tests were conducted on 30 healthy SPF Kunming mice. The mice were randomly divided into an experimental group（n=15） and a control group（n=15）. The experimental group was given a daily gavage of a milk tablet solution equivalent to 0.05 g/kg of Penthorum chinense-Longan（equivalent to 8 g/60 kg daily intake for adults based on body surface area），while the control group was given regular feeding. The body weight，various system symptoms，and survival rate were tested to evaluate the safety of the product. From May 8 to June 7，2024，the efficacy verification experiment of 30 day intragastric administration was carried out. 10 normal Kunming mice and 10 db/db type II diabetes mice were randomly divided into experimental group（n=5） and control group（n=5），a total of 4 groups. The experimental group was given 0.3 mL of milk tablet solution by gavage daily（1.8 g milk tablets dissolved in 10 mL of water），while the control group was given routine feeding. Core biochemical indicators such as total protein，albumin，globulin，and blood glucose，as well as changes in body weight，were measured. Results In the acute toxicity test，no abnormal behaviors or mortality were observed in the experimental group. Body weight gain showed no significant difference compared to the control group，with a 100.0% survival rate. In the efficacy validation experiment，after 30 days of intervention，the total protein of normal mice significantly increased by 23.7%（56.93 vs 70.40 g/L，t=5.242，P<0.05），albumin increased by 32.0%（25.0 vs 33.0 g/L，t=6.15，P<0.05），and the blood glucose temporarily increased to 5.28 mmol/L（t=9.491，P<0.01），still lower than the threshold of diabetes. For db/db type Ⅱ diabetic mice，it completely inhibited 61.3% protein loss in the control group（from 14.10 to 57.37 g/L，F_interaction=121.58，P<0.01），increased the globulin by 10.8%（34.23 vs 37.93 g/L，t=3.424，P<0.05），maintained blood glucose homeostasis（t=1.123，P>0.05），and avoided the dangerous hypoglycemia（1.4 mmol/L，t=-4.021，P<0.05） observed in the control group. Conclusion The Penthorum chinense-Longan milk tablet demonstrates excellent safety. Through synergistic mechanisms-Penthorum chinense flavonoids inhibiting muscle protein degradation and longan polysaccharides/milk powder promoting protein synthesis，the product significantly improve the disorder of protein metabolism and maintain glycemic homeostasis in type II diabetic mice. This formulation embodies the traditional Chinese medicine theory of "liver-spleen dual regulation" and provides an innovative strategy for the intervention of metabolic syndrome that combines safety and functionality. It holds substantial potential as a functional food for alleviating diabetes-related metabolic abnormalities.

Key words: Penthorum chinense, Longan, Milk slices, Type II diabetes, Nutritional supplement, Metabolic syndrome