职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (21): 2907-2911.DOI: 10.13329/j.cnki

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

2018—2024年太原市煤矿行业农民工职业健康现状及其风险评估

李风琴, 邓云珺, 王君霞, 李旭春, 张高源, 赵小燕   

  1. 太原市疾病预防控制中心山西 太原 030032
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-13 修回日期:2025-12-29 出版日期:2026-11-01 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 作者简介:李风琴,女,主任医师,主要从事职业卫生监测工作。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省卫生计划生育委员会课题(2017143)

Current status of occupational health and risk assessment among migrant workers in the coal mining industry in Taiyuan City from 2018 to 2024

LI Fengqin, DENG Yunjun, WANG Junxia, LI Xuchun, ZHANG Gaoyuan, ZHAO Xiaoyan   

  1. Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and PreventionTaiyuanShanxi 030032, China
  • Received:2025-10-13 Revised:2025-12-29 Online:2026-11-01 Published:2026-09-04

摘要:

目的 明确煤矿行业农民工的职业健康现状,探讨适用于煤矿行业农民工的职业健康风险评估模型及相应的风险防控措施。方法 选择2018年11月—2024年12月太原市正常生产的15家煤矿行业劳务派遣工从事的20种岗位为研究对象,采用职业危害风险指数法、风险评级表法、半定量风险评估综合指数法、定性风险矩阵法、罗马尼亚职业事故和职业病风险评估模型定性评估方法对不同岗位劳务派遣工进行职业健康风险评估,比较评估结果。经风险比值转换后运用Kendall相关分析比较5种风险比值的相关性。结果 劳务派遣工和正式工在职业健康检查、个人防护用品配备方面均存在很大差异;改良国际采矿和金属委员会(International Council on Mining Metals,ICMM)风险评级表法与职业危害风险指数法、定性职业病风险评估法一致性较强(Kendall法,W=0.875、0.640,均P<0.01),与接触指数法一致性较差(W=0.333,P<0.05),与定性风险矩阵法一致性较差(W=0.100,P>0.05)。太原市煤矿行业不同岗位农民工职业健康风险为不可容忍风险、非常高风险、高风险。结论 太原市劳务派遣工职业健康检查和个人使用防护用品配备最好由用工单位统一负责。改良ICMM半定量评估和职业危害风险指数法在评估煤矿行业接触矽尘、煤尘不同岗位农民工职业健康风险时具有较强的一致性和适用性,定性评估方法不适用于煤矿行业不同岗位农民工风险评估,GBZ/T 298—2017《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》中的半定量接触指数法评估赋分分值需进一步研究。

关键词: 煤矿行业, 农民工, 职业健康, 风险评估, 风险等级, 一致性

Abstract:

Objective To clarify the current status of occupational health among migrant workers in the coal mining industry,explore occupational health risk assessment models suitable for migrant workers in the coal mining industry and corresponding risk prevention and control measures. Methods Totally 20 kinds of positions for labor dispatch workers in 15 coal mining industries with normal production in Taiyuan City from November 2018 to December 2024 were selected as the research objects. The occupational hazard risk index method,risk rating table method,semi-quantitative risk assessment comprehensive index method,qualitative risk matrix method,Romania risk assessment method of occupational accidents and diseases(MLSP) were used to assess the occupational health risks of labor dispatch workers in different positions,and the evaluation results were compared. After converting by risk ratio,Kendall correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation of five risk ratios. Results There were significant differences between dispatched workers and regular employees in terms of occupational health examinations and the provision of personal protective equipment. The modified International Council on Mining Metals(ICMM) risk rating method showed strong consistency with the occupational hazard risk index method and the qualitative occupational disease risk assessment method(Kendall method,W=0.875,0.640,both P<0.01),poor consistency with the contact index method(W=0.333,P<0.05),and poor consistency with the qualitative risk matrix method(W=0.100,P>0.05).The occupational health risks of migrant workers in different positions in the coal mine industry were intolerable risks,very high risks,and high risks. Conclusion The occupational health examination for dispatched workers and the provision of personal protective equipment should be uniformly responsible by the employing unit. The modified ICMM semi-quantitative evaluation method and the occupational hazard risk index method demonstrate strong consistency and applicability in assessing the occupational health risks of migrant workers in different positions in the coal mining industry who are exposed to silica dust and coal dust. Qualitative assessment methods are not applicable to risk assessment of migrant workers in different positions in the coal mine industry. Further research is needed to evaluate the scoring of the semi-quantitative contact index method in GBZ/T 298-2017 "Guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of Chemicals in the Workplace".

Key words: Coal mine industry, Migrant workers, Occupational health, Risk assessment, Risk level, Consistency

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