实习护生五态人格与情绪智力对择业焦虑的影响

职业与健康 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (15): 2114-2118.

实习护生五态人格与情绪智力对择业焦虑的影响

张祥利¹, 蒋玉琼²

1.湖南中医药大学护理学院,湖南长沙 410208;
2.宁乡市人民医院科教科,湖南宁乡 410600

收稿日期:2022-11-03 修回日期:2022-12-06 发布日期:2026-03-24
通信作者: 蒋玉琼,主任护师,E-mail：444652107@qq.com
作者简介:张祥利,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为中西医结合护理。

Influence of five-state personality and emotional intelligence on vocational selection anxiety of intern nursing students

ZHANG Xiangli¹, JIANG Yuqiong²

1. School of Nursing,Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Changsha Hunan 410208,China;
2. Department of Science and Education,People's Hospital of Ningxiang City,Ningxiang Hunan 410600,China

Received:2022-11-03 Revised:2022-12-06 Published:2026-03-24
Contact: JIANG Yuqiong,Chief nurse,E-mail：444652107@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解实习护生择业焦虑现状及影响因素。方法 2021年5月—2022年5月,采用一般资料问卷、大学生择业焦虑问卷、五态人格测验量表、情绪智力量表对湖南省某三级综合医院的234名实习护生进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果实习护生择业焦虑总分为（76.47±24.11）分,情绪智力总分为（52.41±12.59）分;五态人格得分与全国同龄常模比较,护生太阳、少阳人格维度得分较低,少阴、太阴人格维度得分较高（均P<0.05）;护生择业焦虑与太阳、少阳、阴阳平和人格、情绪智力均呈负相关,与太阴人格呈正相关（均P<0.05）;阴阳平和人格、太阴人格、情绪智力是护生择业焦虑的主要影响因素（均P<0.05）,可解释总异变的44.9%。结论实习护生择业焦虑水平较高,护理教育者应注重培养护生阴阳平和人格和情绪智力的发展,降低其择业焦虑水平。

关键词: 实习护生, 择业焦虑, 五态人格, 情绪智力, 中医心理

Abstract: Objective To explore the status quo and influencing factors of vocational selection anxiety among intern nursing students. Methods A survey was conducted on 234 nursing students who practiced in a tertiary general hospital in Hunan Province from May 2021 to May 2022 by using general information questionnaire,college students' vocational selection anxiety questionnaire,five-state personality test scale and emotional intelligence scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The total score of vocational selection anxiety of the nursing students was （76.47±24.11）points,and the total score of emotional intelligence was （52.41±12.59）points. Compared with the national norm of the five-state personality in the same age group,the nursing students scored lower in Taiyang and Shaoyang,and higher in Shaoyin and Taiyin（all P<0.05）. The nursing students' vocational selection anxiety was negatively correlated with Taiyang,Shaoyang,Yin-Yang balance personalities and emotional intelligence,and positively correlated with Taiyin personality（all P<0.05）. The Yin-Yang balance personality,Taiyin personality and emotional intelligence were the main influencing factors of nursing students' anxiety in vocational selection（all P<0.05）,which could explain 44.9% of the total variance. Conclusion The intern nursing students have a high level of anxiety in vocational selection,and the nursing educators should focus on the development of the Yin-Yang balance personality and emotional intelligence in nursing students to reduce their vocational selection anxiety.

Key words: Intern nursing students, Vocational selection anxiety, Five-state personality, Emotional intelligence, Chinese medicine psychology

中图分类号:

R395.6

张祥利, 蒋玉琼. 实习护生五态人格与情绪智力对择业焦虑的影响. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(15): 2114-2118.

ZHANG Xiangli, JIANG Yuqiong. Influence of five-state personality and emotional intelligence on vocational selection anxiety of intern nursing students. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(15): 2114-2118.

参考文献

[1] 中华人民共和国教育部. 2022届高校毕业生首破千万[EB/OL].(2021-11-22)[2022-07-10].http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/s5147/202111/t20211122_581508.html.
[2] 刘莉,赵丽,杜修燕.护理本科生临床实习后期焦虑状况的研究[J].中华护理教育,2015,12(9):682-684.
[3] SUN F K,PHIL A L D,CHIANG C Y,et al.Nursing graduates' lived experiences of anxiety during their final year at University:A phenomenological study[J].Nurse Educ Today,2021,96:104614.
[4] BAI W,XI H T,ZHU Q,et al.Changes in nursing students' career choices following the COVID-19 pandemic in China[J].Front Psychiatry,2021,13(12):657021.
[5] 张玉柱. 职业成熟度、心理控制源对大学生择业焦虑的影响[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2012,20(1):99-101.
[6] 王婧宇,吕少博,赵阳.医学生成就动机对择业焦虑的影响:心理弹性和职业期望的链式中介作用[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2022,30(6):925-930.
[7] 温惠红,欧阳学认,陈永旭,等.论《黄帝内经》五太人格与《易经》圆运动的关系[J].医学争鸣,2019,10(1):33-36.
[8] SALOVEY P,MAYER J D.Emotional intelligence[J].Imagin Cogn Pers,1990,9(6):217-236.
[9] 杨洪智,于洪宇.心理控制源在实习护生生涯适应力与择业焦虑间的中介作用[J].中国实用护理杂志,2016,32(26):2001-2004.
[10] 舒晓丽,叶茂林,吴静珊,等.生涯适应力与择业焦虑:注意偏向和归因的认知加工作用[J].心理科学,2021,44(5):1193-1200.
[11] 王爱国,程郎可意.大学生主动性人格对择业焦虑的影响:择业自我效能感和求职清晰度的链式中介作用[J].黑龙江高教研究,2022, 40(7):132-137.
[12] 张玉柱,姚德雯.高校毕业生择业焦虑问卷的跨地区验证和比较[J].心理与行为研究,2011,9(2):120-124.
[13] 薛崇成,杨秋莉.五态性格测验表手册[M].北京:中国中医研究院针灸研究所,1999:18-19.
[14] LAW K S,WONG C S,SONG L J.The construct and criterion validity of emotional intelligence and its potential utility for management studies[J].J Appl Psychol,2004,89(3):483-496.
[15] 于迎. 大学新生中医五态人格、体质与心理健康的关系调查研究[D].北京:中国中医科学院,2011.
[16] 郭亚男,陈馨,张美琳.实习护生择业焦虑与自尊对心理韧性的影响研究[J].护理管理杂志,2021,21(3):207-211.
[17] 朱金玲. 知觉压力、心理弹性对实习护生择业焦虑的影响研究[J].卫生职业教育,2022,40(8):157-159.
[18] 孙静,李东雅,丁向,等.护理专业学生中医五态人格的现状调查与分析[J].湖南中医杂志,2019,35(3):114-116.
[19] 肖凤,李爽,任英,等.临床护士情绪智力、自我效能感、工作环境与关怀行为的相关性[J].护理研究,2021,35(3):396-401.
[20] MAZZELLA E A,SANZERO E L,TAN K S,et al.The relationships between coping,occupational stress,and emotional intelligence in newly hired oncology nurses[J].Psychooncology,2019,28(2):278-283.
[21] 杨秋莉,薛崇成.中医学心理学的个性学说与五态人格测验[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2006(10):777-779.
[22] 刘雨安,杨小文,李乐之.实习护生中医五态人格与心理弹性的相关性研究[J].中国当代医药,2022,29(4):152-155.
[23] 时彦鹏,杨振宁,门凯龙.济南市某高校大学生自我和谐、一般自我效能感与中医五态人格关系的调查[J].医学与社会,2018,31(5):58-59,64.
[24] 毛珺. 武汉市某高校大学生中医五态人格、体质与心理健康相关性研究[J].医学与社会,2018,31(3):66-68.
[25] LEWIS G M,NEVILLE C,ASHKANASY N M.Emotional intelligence and affective events in nurse education:A narrative review[J].Nurse Educ Today,2017,53:34-40.
[26] 刘嘉,刘芳,姚洁,等.自我效能在高职护生情绪智力与同理心之间的中介作用[J].职业与健康,2022,38(3):390-394.
[27] 张玉柱,七十三,杨伊生.大学生择业自我效能感、心理控制源与择业焦虑的关系[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(教育科学版),2013,26(5):71-75,79.