关键词: 尘肺病, 主动监测, 粉尘, 肺功能, X射线, 胸片, 数字化摄影

Abstract: Objective To analyze the active monitoring results of pneumoconiosis among workers exposed to dust in small and medium and micro enterprises in Lu'an City,evaluate the occupational health status of workers. Methods From 2019 to 2021,Lu'an City continuously carried out active monitoring of pneumoconiosis in counties and districts where dust hazard enterprises are concentrated,and carried out free occupational health examinations for dust-exposed workers,mainly including chest films and lung function examinations. Results From 2019 to 2021,a total of 944 workers exposed to dust in 48 enterprises were monitored. At present,811 workers（85.91%） were normal,40 workers（4.24%） were reexamined,93 workers（9.85%） had other diseases or abnormalities,and no occupational contraindications or suspected occupational diseases detected. Among the 944 workers exposed to dust,377（39.94%） were from other places,and 805（85.28%） were male. The average age was （41.62±11.62）years old,and the average length of service was （4.72±5.85）years. The workers exposed to silica dust were the most,which were 686（72.67%）. Among the 48 enterprises monitored,there were 31 micro enterprises（64.58%）,35 private enterprises（72.92%）,14 iron ore mining enterprises（29.17%）,14 cement and cement products manufacturing enterprises（29.17%）. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of other diseases or abnormalities among different enterprise sizes,economic types,and industry classifications（χ²=22.486,17.269,42.744,all P<0.01）. There were 44 patients with abnormal chest radiographs,and the detection rate was 4.66%. There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of abnormal chest radiographs among workers with different dust exposure years（χ²=35.045,P<0.01）,and with the increase of dust exposure years,the detection rate of abnormal chest radiographs showed a gradually increasing trend（χ²=27.724,P<0.01）. There were 10 patients with abnormal lung function,and the detection rate was 1.06%. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of abnormal lung function among the workers with different age and dust exposure years（χ²=16.381,10.767,both P<0.05）. With the increase of age and dust exposure years,the detection rate of abnormal lung function indicators gradually increases（χ²=13.438,4.490,both P<0.05）. Conclusion From 2019 to 2021,the enterprises with dust hazards in small and medium-sized micro enterprises in Lu'an are mainly private enterprises,and the workers exposed to silica dust are the most,and there are differences in the results of special chest X-ray examination and/or special lung function examination of workers with different gender,age,type of dust exposure and length of service.

Key words: Pneumoconiosis, Active surveillance, Dust, Lung function, X-ray, Chest radiography, Digital photography