儿童流感疫苗接种及影响因素分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解儿童流行性感冒（流感）疫苗接种及影响因素。方法选取2020年8月—2021年1月来天津市河西区康复医院预防科接种流感疫苗的110名儿童（接种组）和来天津市康复医院预防科接种其他疫苗但未接种流感疫苗的110名儿童（对照组）作为调查对象,比较两组儿童流感的发病率、不良反应发生率、发生次数、问卷调查、多因素分析。结果接种组接种流感疫苗后1、3、6个月的不良反应发生率为0、3.64%、9.09%,平均为7.27%,对照组发生率为7.27%、19.09%、32.73%,平均为24.55%;不同文化程度、家庭月总收入、监护人职业、监护人是否接种过流感疫苗、监护人流感疫苗知识知晓率的比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=53.623、17.921、46.313、69.989、65.007,均P<0.05）;文化水平、家庭月总收入、监护人是否接种过流感疫苗等是影响流感疫苗接种的影响因素[OR（95%CI）=2.114（0.772~5.823）、4.847（1.834~12.871）、7.541（3.133~18.142）]。结论儿童接种流感疫苗,可以对流感起到一定预防性效果,不良反应小,安全性高。儿童监护人文化水平、家庭月总收入等各种因素均会影响儿童流感疫苗的接种率,在实际工作中应该通过多种形式开展流感疫苗的宣传,提高儿童监护人对流感疫苗的认知度、接种率,从而更有效预防流感的发生。

关键词: 流感疫苗, 安全性, 预防效果, 因素

Abstract: Objective To study influenza vaccination in children and its influencing factors. Methods A tltal of 110 children who were vaccinated with influenza vaccine in the Prevention Department of Hexi District Rehabilitation Hospital of Tianjin from August 2020 to January 2021 were selected as the vaccination group,while 110 children who were vaccinated with other vaccine but not vaccinated with influenza vaccine were selected in the Prevention Department of Hexi District Rehabilitation Hospital of Tianjin as the control group. The incidence rate of influenza,incidence and frequency of adverse reactions,as well as the results of questionnaire survey and multifactor analysis were compared between two groups. Results The incidence of adverse reactions at 1,3,and 6 months after influenza vaccination in the vaccination group was 0,3.64% and 9.09%,respectively,with an average of 7.27%. The incidence in the control group was 7.27%,19.09% and 32.73%,respectively,with an average of 24.55%. There were statistically significant differences in education level,total monthly family income,guardian's occupation,guardian vaccinated against influenza and guardian's awareness rate of influenza vaccine knowledge（χ²=53.623,17.921,46.313,69.989,65.007,all P<0.05）. The education level,total monthly family income and guardian vaccinated against influenza were the factors affecting influenza vaccination[OR（95%CI）=2.114（0.772-5.823）,4.847（1.834-12.871）,7.541（3.133-18.142）]. Conclusions The children vaccinated against influenza has a certain preventive effect on influenza and it also have small adverse reaction and lead to high safety. Various factors such as guardian's education level and total monthly family income affect the vaccination rate of influenza vaccines for children. In practical work,influenza vaccine publicity should be carried out in various forms to improve guardians' awareness and vaccination rate of influenza vaccine,so as to prevent the occurrence of influenza more effectively.

Key words: Influenza vaccine, Safety, Prevention effect, Factor

中图分类号:

R186

康宝燕, 郭楚娇, 岳贺. 儿童流感疫苗接种及影响因素分析. [J]职业与健康, 2023, 39(6): 842-845.

KANG Bao-yan, GUO Chu-jiao, YUE He. Study on childhood influenza vaccination and its influencing factors. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2023, 39(6): 842-845.

参考文献

[1] 李立明.流行病学[M].第4版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2001:269-279.
[2] 姚开虎.关于流感疫苗和医务人员常规接种流感疫苗的几点思考[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2018,20(11):881-886.
[3] 卢志威,郑跃杰.深圳市19例重症流感死亡病例临床分析[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2019,34(2):139.
[4] 马新玉.852例儿童流感疫苗预防接种的效果观察[J].影像研究与医学应用,2018,2(12):222-223.
[5] 郭学军.儿童接种流感疫苗对流行性感冒的预防效果及安全性分析[J].临床医药文献电子杂志,2018,5(41):72.
[6] 金淑平.流感疫苗接种预防流感样症状发生的效果及接种安全性研究[J].中国卫生标准管理,2017,8(2):1-2.
[7] PRIYAMVADA L,CHO A,ONLAMOON N,et al.B cell responses during secondary Dengue Virus infection are dominated by highly cross-reac-tive,memory-derived Plasmablasts[J].J Virol,2016,90(12):5574-5585.
[8] BUCHAN S A,STEPHANIE B,SCOTT A N,et al.Effectiveness of Live attenuated vs inactivated influenza vaccines in children during the 2012-2013 through 2015-2016 influenza seasons in Alberta,Canada:A canadian Immunization research network(CIRN) study[J].Jama Pediatrics,2018:181514.
[9] 彭质斌,王大燕,杨娟,等.中国流感疫苗应用现状及促进预防接种的政策探讨[J].中华流行病学杂志,2018,39(8):1045-1050.
[10] 国家卫生健康委办公厅,国家中医药管理局办公室.流行性感冒诊疗方案(2020年版)[J].中国病毒病杂志,2021,11(1):1-5.
[11] 陈雪莲.儿童接种流感疫苗的效果观察[J].数理医药学杂志,2016,29(4):510-511.
[12] 林涛,林爱俊,马小军.大同地区新型甲型 H1N1 流感死亡病例临床分析[J].中国实用医刊,2012,39(5):123-124.
[13] 石晶,孙晓伟,王宝兰.北京通州区中小学生免费流感疫苗接种及影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(1):89-91.
[14] 国家免疫规划技术工作组流感疫苗工作组.中国流感疫苗预防接种技术指南(2020—2021)[J].中华流行病学杂志,2020,41(10):1555-1576.
[15] 郑东旖,刘兆秋,时念民,等.儿童家长对第二类疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素的调查分析[J].中国生物制品学杂志,2018,31(2):220-224.
[16] 高小唯,张丹,张沛,等.北京市昌平区某社区800名儿童0~6岁家长免疫接种知识知晓率调查分析[J].医学动物防制,2018,34(7):698-700.
[17] 范敏华,汪泉,李祖胜,等.基于家庭医生签约服务的智慧社区服务平台建设[J].中国数字医学,2018,12(11):24-26.
[18] 贺晴,李兆田,陆建云,等.季节性流行性感冒疫苗对儿童新甲型 H1N1 流感保护效果的病例对照研究[J].热带医学杂志,2014.14(5):599-602,622.
[19] 张莉,杨鹏,段玮,等.2017—2018 年流感流行季北京市中小学校流感疫苗接种对流感聚集性疫情的影响[J].国际病毒学杂志,2020,27(1):11-14.
[20] 陆海峰,贾杰,陈静,等.邻里中心卫生单元对家庭医生式服务的作用效果研究[J].中国全科医学,2018,21(19):2287-2290.
[21] 吴双胜,张海艳,初艳慧,等.“健康教育+信息提示”对提高儿童流感疫苗接种率的效果:一项基于北京市 8 所幼儿园的社区试验[J].国际病毒学杂志,2020,27(1):15-18.
[22] 于盂轲,谢铮,严述瑞,等.北京市提高流感疫苗接种率的经验分析[J].中华实用儿科临床杂志,2019,34(2):116-119.
[23] 邝西金,朱卫娴,罗卫强,等.儿童流感疫苗接种干预的疾病预防的效果探讨[J].现代诊断与治疗,2016,27(14):2560-2561.
[24] 朱军礼,郑迎军,章光明,等.季节性流感疫苗预防效果病例对照研究 Meta 分析[J].中国疫苗和免疫,2017,23(2):216-221.