天津市蓟州区学生结核病知晓现状及健康教育效果评价

职业与健康 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (17): 2425-2428.

天津市蓟州区学生结核病知晓现状及健康教育效果评价

孙蕊¹, 刘华², 穆成¹, 孙征², 张帆¹, 王春花¹

1.天津市结核病控制中心参比室,天津 300011;
2.天津市蓟州区疾病预防控制中心结核科,天津 301999

收稿日期:2023-03-31 修回日期:2023-11-09 发布日期:2026-03-17
通信作者: 王春花,主任医师,E-mail：wchua1976@sina.com
作者简介:孙蕊,女,主管技师,主要从事结核病检测工作。
基金资助:
天津市科学技术局科学技术普及项目（20KPHDRC00 160）; 天津卫生健康行业高层次人才选拔培养工程项目（TJSJMYXYC-D2-017）

Current status of tuberculosis awareness among students in Jizhou District of Tianjin and evaluation of health education effect

SUN Rui¹, LIU Hua², MU Cheng¹, SUN Zheng², ZHANG Fan¹, WANG Chunhua¹

1. Reference Laboratory,Tianjin Tuberculosis Control Center,Tianjin 300011,China;
2. Department of Tuberculosis,Tianjin Jizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 301999,China

Received:2023-03-31 Revised:2023-11-09 Published:2026-03-17
Contact: WANG Chunhua,Chief physician,E-mail：wchua1976@sina.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解天津市蓟州区中小学生对结核病的知晓情况以及评价专题健康教育的效果。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,于2020年4月—2022年3月选择蓟州区城区和农村8个中小学的861名学生作为健康教育对象。健康教育前后采用调查问卷的形式对861人进行调查,两次调查都有效的问卷共826份。健康教育前的调查为知晓率调查,健康教育后的调查为专题宣教效果评价。结果健康教育前结核病防治知识的总体知晓率为61.28%,专题健康教育后为97.26%,差异有统计学意义（χ²=1 951.621,P<0.01）。学生对“肺结核近距离是否传染”“咳嗽多久考虑得肺结核”和“得了肺结核去哪里看病” 3个方面知识的认知有了显著提高,分别由干预前的62.83%（519/826）、39.95%（330/826）、45.28%（374/826）上升到99.52%（822/826）、90.56%（748/826）和99.64%（823/826）,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。学生中“对待周围有肺结核的患者与往常一样”及“很愿意了解肺结核相关预防知识”的比率有了显著的提高,分别由干预前的16.59%（137/826）和9.93%（82/826）上升到77.12%（637/826）和98.31%（812/826）,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。结论天津市蓟州区学生结核病知晓率不高,经过专题健康教育后学生知晓率显著提升;针对学生的特点开展不同模式和形式的健康教育是防控结核病的有效措施。

关键词: 结核病, 学生, 知晓率, 健康教育

Abstract: Objective To understand the awareness of tuberculosis among primary and secondary school students in Jizhou District of Tianjin,and evaluate the effect of special health education. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling method,861 students from 8 primary and secondary schools in urban and rural areas of Jizhou District were selected as health education subjects from April 2020 to March 2022. A survey questionnaire was used to survey 861 students before and after health education,and a total of 826 questionnaires were valid for both surveys. The survey before health education was an awareness rate survey,while the survey after health education was the evaluation of the effect of health education. Results The overall awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and treatment knowledge before health education was 61.28% and 97.26% after special health education,and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=1 951.621,P<0.01）. Students' awareness of the three aspects of "whether tuberculosis is transmitted at close range","how long to consider tuberculosis after coughing" and "where to see a doctor if you have tuberculosis" had significantly improved,from 62.83%（519/826）,39.95%（330/826）,45.28%（374/826） before intervention to 99.52%（822/826）,90.56%（748/826）,and 99.64%（823/826）,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.01）. Among the students,the proportions of "treating patients with tuberculosis around them as usual" and "very willing to learn about tuberculosis related prevention knowledge" increased significantly,from 16.59%（137/826） and 9.93%（82/826） before the intervention to 77.12%（637/826） and 98.31%（812/826）,respectively,with statistically significant differences（both P<0.01）. Conclusion The awareness rate of tuberculosis among students in Jizhou District of Tianjin is not high,and the awareness rate of students has significantly improved after special health education.Health education in different modes and forms according to the characteristics of students is an effective measure for the prevention and control of tuberculosis.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Student, Awareness rate, Health education

中图分类号:

R193

孙蕊, 刘华, 穆成, 孙征, 张帆, 王春花. 天津市蓟州区学生结核病知晓现状及健康教育效果评价. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(17): 2425-2428.

SUN Rui, LIU Hua, MU Cheng, SUN Zheng, ZHANG Fan, WANG Chunhua. Current status of tuberculosis awareness among students in Jizhou District of Tianjin and evaluation of health education effect. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(17): 2425-2428.

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