2004—2023年菏泽市麻疹流行病学及病原学检测特征分析

职业与健康 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (19): 2679-2683.

2004—2023年菏泽市麻疹流行病学及病原学检测特征分析

刘雅娟¹, 朱富伟², 刘东晨¹, 袁辉¹

1.菏泽市疾病预防控制中心检验科,山东菏泽 274000;
2.菏泽市曹县疾病预防控制中心检验科,山东菏泽 274400

收稿日期:2024-01-24 修回日期:2024-02-08 发布日期:2026-03-17
通信作者: 袁辉,主任医师,E-mail：hzepi@163.com
作者简介:刘雅娟,女,副主任技师,主要从事病原微生物检验工作。
基金资助:
山东省公共卫生重点专科建设三年计划项目（鲁卫办字[2022]117号,鲁卫函[2023]621号）

Analysis on epidemiological and etiological detection characteristics of measles in Heze City from 2004 to 2023

LIU Yajuan¹, ZHU Fuwei², LIU Dongchen¹, YUAN Hui¹

1. Laboratory Department,Heze Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Heze,Shandong 274000,China;
2. Laboratory Department,Heze Cao County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Heze,Shandong 274400,China

Received:2024-01-24 Revised:2024-02-08 Published:2026-03-17
Contact: YUAN Hui,Chief physician,E-mail：hzepi@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析2004—2023年菏泽市麻疹流行病学及病原学检测特征,为实现消除麻疹提供数据支持。方法对2004—2023年报告的菏泽市麻疹病例的流行病学特征及实验室病原学检测结果进行统计和描述分析。结果 2004—2023年菏泽市报告麻疹病例3 745例,以每5年为1个统计时间段,其中2004—2008年发病人数最多,为2 213例,年均发病率5.43/10万,2019—2023年发病人数最少,仅22例,年均发病率为0.05/10万。麻疹发病以冬春季为主,2004—2013年的4—5月为发病高峰期;2014—2018年的1—3月为发病高峰期;2019—2023年由于发病病例少,无明显的发病季节特征。各县区麻疹发病在0~32.31/10万,差异有统计学意义（χ²=731.020,P<0.05）。男女发病比为1.79 ∶ 1,发病以无免疫史和免疫不详者居多,分别占52.6%（806/1 532）和32.4%（496/1 532）。2004—2018年麻疹发病在年龄构成上呈“双向位移”的趋势,0~<8月龄年龄组发病构成比从11.97%（265/2 213）升至25.74%（165/641）,≥20岁年龄组的发病构成比从13.06%（289/2 213）升至33.85%（217/641）。2013—2023年菏泽市共采集病原学检测标本576份,其中麻疹核酸检测阳性76份,从麻疹核酸阳性标本中分离出麻疹病毒株47株,全部为H1基因型。结论 2004—2023年菏泽市麻疹发病率呈下降趋势,尤其2017年以后下降显著,接近或达到消除麻疹的目标,但由于近年全球麻疹发病形势严峻,发病率不断上升。今后工作重点包括加大流动人员及外来人员的监测,坚持开展高质量的查漏补种工作,提升监测系统敏感性,提高人群免疫水平,预防输入型病毒的传播。

关键词: 麻疹, 发病率, 流行病学特征, 病原学检测, 防控

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological detection characteristics of measles in Heze City from 2004 to 2023,and provide data support for eliminating measles. Methods Statistical and descriptive analysis was conducted on the epidemiological characteristics and etiological detection results of measles cases reported in Heze City from 2004 to 2023. Results From 2004 to 2023,3 745 measles cases were reported in Heze. Taking every five years as a statistical period,the highest number of cases in 2004 to 2008 was 2 213,with an average annual incidence rate of 5.43/100 000,the lowest number in 2019 to 2023 was only 22 cases,with an average annual incidence rate of 0.05/100 000. The incidence of measles was mainly in winter and spring,and the peak period was April to May from 2004 to 2013,the peak period was January to March from 2014 to 2018. From 2019 to 2023,due to the low incidence of cases,there were no obvious seasonal characteristics of measles. The incidence of measles in each county ranged from 0 to 32.31/100 000,and the difference was statistically significant（χ²=731.020,P<0.05）. The incidence ratio of male to female was 1.79 ∶ 1,with the majority of cases being those without a history of immunity or those with unknown immunity,accounting for 52.6%（806/1 532） and 32.4%（496/1 532）,respectively. From 2004 to 2018,the incidence of measles showed a "bidirectional shift" trend in age composition,constituent ratio of incidence in age group 0-<8 months increasing from 11.97%（265/2 213） to 25.74%（165/641）,and constituent ratio of incidence in age group ≥20 years increasing from 13.06%（289/2 213） to 33.85%（217/641）. A total of 576 etiological detection samples were collected in Heze from 2013 to 2023,of which 76 were positive for measles nucleic acid. 47 measles virus strains were isolated from positive measles nucleic acid samples,all of which were H1 genotype. Conclusion The incidence rate of measles in Heze City showed a downward trend from 2004 to 2023,especially after 2017,approaching or achieving measles elimination goals. However,due to the severe global measles incidence situation in recent years,the incidence rate continued to rise,which became a threat to consolidate measles prevention and control. The future work should focus on increasing the monitoring of mobile workers and foreign humans,insisting on carrying out high quality leak detection and vaccination work,improving the sensitivity of the surveillance system,improving the level of population immunity,and preventing the spread of imported wild viruses.

Key words: Measles, Incidence rate, Epidemiological characteristics, Etiological detection, Prevention and control

中图分类号:

R181.8⁺1

刘雅娟, 朱富伟, 刘东晨, 袁辉. 2004—2023年菏泽市麻疹流行病学及病原学检测特征分析. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(19): 2679-2683.

LIU Yajuan, ZHU Fuwei, LIU Dongchen, YUAN Hui. Analysis on epidemiological and etiological detection characteristics of measles in Heze City from 2004 to 2023. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(19): 2679-2683.

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