上海市某郊区大气PM2.5中金属及类金属元素污染特征及健康风险评价

职业与健康 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (20): 2822-2827.

上海市某郊区大气PM_2.5中金属及类金属元素污染特征及健康风险评价

张靖伟¹, 雷晓毅², 许明佳¹, 李伟¹, 许艳丹¹

1.上海市金山区疾病预防控制中心环境与职业医学科,上海 201599;
2.大理大学公共卫生学院,云南大理 671000

收稿日期:2024-03-08 修回日期:2024-03-14 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2026-03-17
通信作者: 许明佳,副主任医师,E-mail：mingjiaxu@126.com
作者简介:张靖伟,女,主管医师,主要从事环境卫生监测与人群健康宣教工作。
基金资助:
上海市金山区卫健系统重要扶持专科建设项目（JSFCZK202103）

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of metals and metalloids in atmospheric PM_2.5in a suburb of Shanghai City

ZHANG Jingwei¹, LEI Xiaoyi², XU Mingjia¹, LI Wei¹, XU Yandan¹

1. Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine,Shanghai Jinshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai,201599,China;
2. School of Public Health,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China

Received:2024-03-08 Revised:2024-03-14 Online:2024-10-15 Published:2026-03-17
Contact: XU Mingjia,Associate chief physician,E-mail：mingjiaxu@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解上海市某郊区大气细颗粒物（fine particulate matter,PM_2.5）中10种元素的污染特征、来源及对人群健康影响。方法收集2017—2021年上海市某郊区大气PM_2.5中10种元素的浓度数据,使用富集因子和主成分分析法对元素的污染程度及其来源进行评价,依据我国WS/T 666—2019《大气污染人群健康风险评估技术规范》,分析其对人群健康的危害。结果 2017—2021年上海市某郊区PM_2.5年均质量浓度均未超过GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》中二级标准限定值,PM_2.5中金属及类金属元素的质量浓度由高到低依次为铝>锰>铅>镍>铬>砷>硒>锑>镉>铊。各金属富集因子值除了铬、镍和铊外,其余均>10。各金属通过呼吸途径暴露的非致癌风险均<1;5种致癌元素中,铝、镉和镍经呼吸途径进入不同人群的体内致癌风险<10^-6,铬和砷致癌风险介于10^-6~10^-4之间。结论该区大气PM_2.5中重金属污染季节特征明显,表现为冬季较高、夏季较低。大气PM_2.5中金属及类金属污染主要受人为活动影响,PM_2.5中金属及类金属元素主要来源有工业、燃煤（油）、交通和自然。铬和砷对人群的致癌风险值得进一步关注。

关键词: 细颗粒物, 金属及类金属, 污染特征, 健康风险评价

Abstract: Objective To understand the pollution characteristics,sources and health effects of 10 elements in fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） in a suburb of Shanghai City. Methods The concentration data of 10 elements in PM_2.5 in a suburb of Shanghai City from 2017 to 2021 were collected. The enrichment factor method and principal component analysis was used to evaluate the pollution degree and source of the elements. According to China's WS/T 666-2019 "Technical Specification for Health Risk Assessment of Air Pollution Population",its harm to population health was analyzed. Results From 2017 to 2021,the annual average mass concentration of PM_2.5 in a suburb of Shanghai City did not exceed the secondary standard limit value in the GB 3095-2012 "Ambient Air Quality Standard ". The mass concentrations of metals and metalloid elements in PM_2.5 were in the order of aluminum > manganese > lead > nickel > chromium > arsenic > selenium > antimony > cadmium > thallium. Except for Cr,Ni and Tl,the enrichment factor values of all metals were >10. The non-carcinogenic risk of each metal exposed through the respiratory pathway was <1. Among the five carcinogenic elements,the in vivo carcinogenic risks of Pb,Cd and Ni entering different populations through the respiratory route were <10^-6,and the carcinogenic risks of Cr and As were between 10^-6 and 10^-4. Conclusion The seasonal characteristics of heavy metal pollution in atmospheric PM_2.5 in this area are obvious,which is higher in winter and lower in summer. The metal and metalloid pollution in PM_2.5 is mainly affected by human activities. The metal and metalloid elements in PM_2.5 mainly come from industrial,coal（oil）,traffic and natural. The carcinogenic risk of Cr and As to the population deserves further attention.

Key words: Fine particulate matter, Metal and metalloid, Pollution characteristics, Health risk assessment

中图分类号:

R122.2

张靖伟, 雷晓毅, 许明佳, 李伟, 许艳丹. 上海市某郊区大气PM_2.5中金属及类金属元素污染特征及健康风险评价. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(20): 2822-2827.

ZHANG Jingwei, LEI Xiaoyi, XU Mingjia, LI Wei, XU Yandan. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of metals and metalloids in atmospheric PM_2.5in a suburb of Shanghai City. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(20): 2822-2827.

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