2023年沧州市食品中化学污染物及有害因子状况调查

职业与健康 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (21): 2919-2924.

2023年沧州市食品中化学污染物及有害因子状况调查

李俊江¹, 邵寒冰^2a, 杨莹^2b, 徐娜¹, 张瑞^2c

1.河北医科大学第一临床医学院,河北石家庄 050000;
2.沧州市疾病预防控制中心 a理化检验科,b综合办公室,c微生物检验科,河北沧州 061000

收稿日期:2024-03-21 修回日期:2024-04-08 出版日期:2024-11-01 发布日期:2026-04-09
通信作者: 邵寒冰,主管检验师,E-mail：756320713@qq.com
作者简介:李俊江,男,在读本科生。
基金资助:
沧州市科技计划自筹经费项目（222106004）; 国家基本公共卫生服务项目-重大疾病与健康危害因素监测（冀财社[2020]182号）

Survey on chemical pollutants and harmful factors in food in Cangzhou City in 2023

LI Junjiang¹, SHAO Hanbing^2a, YANG Ying^2b, XU Na¹, ZHANG Rui^2c

1. The First Clinical Medical College,Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050000,China;
2. a Physical and Chemical Laboratory, b General Office,c Microbiological Laboratory,Cangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Cnagzhou,Hebei 061000,China

Received:2024-03-21 Revised:2024-04-08 Online:2024-11-01 Published:2026-04-09
Contact: SHAO Hanbing,Laboratorian in charge,E-mail：756320713@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的全面了解沧州市市售食品中化学污染物及其有害因素的污染状况,确定污染物的分布特征,为食品安全防控工作提供数据支撑。方法根据《2023年国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》,2023年在沧州市16个县区内的农贸市场、超市等不同采购环节进行样品采集,开展化学污染物及有害因子检测,并对数据进行分析。结果 245份抽检样品中阳性样品共检出109份,总检出率为44.1%;超标样品检出2份,超标率为0.8%。监测指标5 618项次,共检出1 491项次,检出率为26.5%;超标2项次,超标率为0.04%。水产品阳性检出率最高,为78.6%（22/28）;农药类检出率最高,为83.5%（71/85）;农贸市场中样品阳性检出率最高,为52.7%（39/72）;超标样品分别为花生[黄曲霉毒素B1（aflatoxin detoxification,AFB1）]、姜（毒死蜱）。不同采购环节样品检出率、监测项目检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;样品中不同类型污染物及其有害因素阳性检出率、监测测项目检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论 2023年沧州市市售食品有不同程度的污染,主要分布在水产品中,场所主要为农贸市场,农药类检出最高,但整体在可控范围,应继续加强监管。

关键词: 化学污染物, 检出率, 超标, 污染

Abstract: Objective To comprehensively understand the pollution status of chemical pollutants and their harmful factors in food sold in Cangzhou City,determine the distribution characteristics of pollutants,and provide data support for food safety prevention and control work. Methods According to the "2023 National Food Pollutants and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring Work Manual",samples were collected from different procurement links such as agricultural markets and supermarkets in 16 counties and districts of Cangzhou City in 2023,and carry out the detection of chemical pollutants and harmful factors,and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 109 positive samples were detected in 245 samples,the total detection rate was 44.1%. Two samples exceeded the standard,with an exceeding rate of 0.8%. There were 5 618 monitoring indicators,and 1 491 were detected,the detection rate was 26.5%. Two items exceeded the standard,the exceeding rate was 0.04%. The highest positive detection rate of aquatic products was 78.6%（22/28）. The highest detection rate of pesticides was 83.5%（71/85）. The highest positive rate was 52.7% in the farmer's market（39/72）. The samples exceeding the standard were peanut[aflatoxin detoxification（AFB1）] and ginger（chlorpyrifos）. The detection rates of samples in different procurement stages and monitoring items were compared,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. The positive detection rates of different types of pollutants and their harmful factors in the samples,as well as the detection rates of monitoring items were compared,and the differences were statistically significant（all P<0.05）. Conclusion In 2023,the food sold in Cangzhou City have different degrees of pollution,mainly distributed in aquatic products,mainly in agricultural markets,with the highest detection of pesticides,but overall it is within a controllable range,and supervision should continue to be strengthened.

Key words: Chemical pollutant, Detection rate, Exceeding the standard, Contaminate

中图分类号:

R155.5

李俊江, 邵寒冰, 杨莹, 徐娜, 张瑞. 2023年沧州市食品中化学污染物及有害因子状况调查. [J]职业与健康, 2024, 40(21): 2919-2924.

LI Junjiang, SHAO Hanbing, YANG Ying, XU Na, ZHANG Rui. Survey on chemical pollutants and harmful factors in food in Cangzhou City in 2023. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2024, 40(21): 2919-2924.

参考文献

[1] 陈彬,管彬彬.我国食品安全风险评估与风险监测现状研究[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2020,11(15):5111-5114.
[2] 国家食品安全风险评估中心.2023年国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册[S].北京:中国标准出版社:5-11.
[3] 国家食品安全风险评估中心.2022年国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2022:7-14.
[4] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量:GB 2762—2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017:2-5.
[5] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会,中华人民共和国农村农业部,国家市场监督管理总局.食品安全国家标准.食品中农药最大残留限量:GB 2763—2021[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2021:10-11,19-20, 28-29,38,43-46,89,98-99,135,146-147,176,244,251,321.
[6] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会,中华人民共和国农村农业部,国家市场监督管理总局.食品中兽药最大残留限量:GB 31650—2019[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2020:47.
[7] 高慧,汪洋,武玉平,等.淄博市2019年食品中化学污染物和有害因素风险监测结果分析[J].食品安全导刊,2020(24):92.
[8] 孙婷,董兴建,杨丽,等.2019年济南食品中化学污染物及有害因素监测分析[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2020,11(13):4279-4284.
[9] 刘孟文,杨欢欢,赵一鹏,等.2020年渭南市食品中化学污染物及有害因素监测结果分析[J].职业与健康,2021,37(21):3010-3012.
[10] 罗莎,赵帅,高春海,等.2016—2021年天津市市售鸡蛋中27种兽药残留状况及膳食暴露风险评估[J].实用预防医学,2023,30(11):1281-1284.
[11] 赵书河. 浅谈禽类产品中兽药残留的危害[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2022(2):177-178.
[12] 刘颖,袁利杰,周楠.2017年河南省14种食品细类中呕吐毒素的膳食暴露及风险评估[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2020,30(7):859-863.
[13] 武玉平,汪洋,杨爱青,等.山东省淄博市1 088份市售食品监测结果分析[J].医学动物防制,2019,35(5):476-478,481.
[14] 姜冬梅,王荷,武琳霞,等.小麦中呕吐毒素研究进展[J].食品安全质量检测学报. 2020(2):423-432.
[15] 王怡净,张立实.玉米赤霉烯酮毒性研究进展[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2002,14(5):40-43.
[16] 孙磊,陈晓珑,韩琳.2017—2021年河南省洛阳市食品中化学污染物及有害因素监测结果分析[J].现代疾病预防控制,2023,34(9):703-706.
[17] 袁航. 粮食中主要真菌毒素危害及联合毒性研究进展[J].食品与机械,2019,35(11):223-227.
[18] 张海红,王冠群,田洪芸,等.我国2016—2019年炒货食品及坚果制品质量安全状况及风险分析[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2020, 11(20):7633-7641.
[19] 宋韶芳,张维蔚,林晓华,等.2020—2022年广州市市售坚果与籽类食品质量监测结果分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2023,33(16):2015-2019.
[20] 白海娜. 食品中黄曲霉毒素研究进展[J].食品安全导刊,2020(33):160.
[21] 陈明霞,汤燕,江光群.2014—2022年重庆市长寿区果蔬农药残留监测结果分析[J].职业卫生与病伤,2023,38(5):291-296.
[22] PEREZ-FERNANDEZ C,MORALES-NAVAS M,GUARDIA-ESCOTE L.Long-term effects of low doses of Chlorpyrifos exposure at the preweaning developmental stage:A locomotor,pharmacological,brain gene expression and gut microbiome analysis[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2020,135(C):865.
[23] 柏品清,任亚萍,胡卉,等.2021—2022年上海市浦东新区市售淡水鱼中麻醉剂的残留状况及膳食暴露风险评估[J].职业与健康,2023, 39(20):2778-2780.
[24] 孔晓军,刘希望,李剑勇,等.丁香酚的药理学作用研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(3):508-511.
[25] 金元,何雅静,程波,等.丁香酚类麻醉剂的安全性探讨[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017,8(1):33-40.
[26] 荆建忠,李媛媛.滨州市鲜活海产品中镉污染调查与分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2022,32(19):2409-2411,2415.
[27] 任韧,龚立科,王姝婷,等.杭州产大米中重金属污染状况调查及暴露风险评估[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2020,30(12):1516-1519,1528.
[28] SUMDLOF S F.Veterinary drugs residues:Veterinary drugsgeneral[J].J Food Safety,2014,3:35-38.
[29] BARBOSA J,CRUZ C,MARTINS J,et al.Food poisoning by clenbuterol in Portugal[J].Food Addit Contams,2005,22:563-566.
[30] 王秀锦,李建慧,廖振宇.河北省2019年流通环节食用农产品质量安全抽样检测数据分析与建议[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2020, 11(24):9244-9250.