职业与健康 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (22): 3114-3117.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于呼吸系统疾病门诊量建立空气质量健康指数

许艳丹, 张靖伟, 李伟, 朱建明, 许明佳   

  1. 上海市金山区疾病预防控制中心环境与职业医学科,上海 201599
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-04 修回日期:2024-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-09
  • 通信作者: 许明佳,副主任医师,E-mail:mingjiaxu@126.com
  • 作者简介:许艳丹,女,主管医师,主要从事环境对健康影响的研究工作。
  • 基金资助:
    上海市金山区卫健系统重要扶持专科建设项目(JSFCZK202103); 基于空气质量健康指数(AQHI)的上海市金山区空气污染与人群因病就诊的健康风险评估及预警研究(2020-3-49); 大气污染物对敏感人群呼吸系统门诊及住院影响的研究(2023-WS-42)

Establish an air quality health index based on the outpatient volume of respiratory diseases

XU Yandan, ZHANG Jingwei, LI Wei, ZHU Jianming, XU Mingjia   

  1. Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine,Shanghai Jinshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai,201599,China
  • Received:2024-03-04 Revised:2024-03-25 Published:2026-04-09
  • Contact: XU Mingjia,Associate chief physician,E-mail:mingjiaxu@126.com

摘要: 目的 探索构建上海市金山区呼吸系统疾病的空气质量健康指数(air quality health index,AQHI)。方法 收集2017—2022年上海市金山区2家综合医院呼吸系统疾病日门诊人次数、大气污染物(PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、O3)资料、气象(气压、温度、相对湿度)资料,用广义相加模型计算基于呼吸系统疾病的AQHI。结果 4种污染物对日门诊人次数影响不同:细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM2.5)、NO2、SO2、O3分别在滞后3、3、9、0天时,对日门诊人次数影响最大。PM2.5、NO2、SO2、O3浓度每升高10 μg/m3,超额危险度(excess risk,ER)分别为1.07%(95%CI:0.61%~1.55%)、1.89%(95%CI:0.95%~2.84%)、16.14%(95%CI:11.30%~21.19%)和0.76%(95%CI:0.43%~1.09%)。根据单、双污染物结果,选择PM2.5、NO2、SO2、O3建立AQHI。2017—2022年AQHI呈“右偏态分布”,AQHI<6的天数占98.95%,AQHI为3、4的天数分别占40.76%和22.82%。结论 上海市金山区大气污染物对呼吸系统疾病门诊人次数有影响。AQHI能很好反映大气污染暴露对呼吸系统的健康风险。

关键词: 空气质量健康指数, 空气污染, 呼吸系统疾病日门诊人次数

Abstract: Objective To explore the construction of air quality health index(AQHI) for respiratory diseases in Jinshan District of Shanghai City. Methods Daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases,data of air pollutants[fine particulate matter(PM2.5),inhalable particles(PM10),SO2,NO2,O3],and meteorological data(air pressure,temperatureand relative humidity) were collected from two comprehensive hospitals in Jinshan District of Shanghai City from 2017 to 2022. The AQHI based on respiratory diseases was calculated using a generalized additive model. Results The four pollutants had different impacts on the number of daily outpatient visits:PM2.5,NO2,SO2 and O3 had the greatest impact on the number of daily outpatient visits when the lag time was 3,3,9 and 0 days,respectively.For every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5,NO2,SO2 and O3 concentrations,the excess risk(ER) was 1.07%(95%CI:0.61%-1.55%),1.89%(95%CI:0.95%-2.84%),16.14%(95%CI:11.30%-21.19%),and 0.76%(95%CI:0.43%-1.09%).According to the results of single and double pollutants,PM2.5,NO2,SO2 and O3 were selected to establish AQHI. From 2017 to 2022,AQHI showed a "right skewed distribution",with 98.95% days with AQHI<6,and 40.76% days with AQHI of 3 and 22.82% days with AQHI of 4. Conclusion Air pollutants in Jinshan District of Shanghai City have an effect on the number of outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. AQHI can well reflect the health risk of air pollution exposure to respiratory system.

Key words: Air quality health index, Air pollution, Daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases

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