关键词: 职业, 尘肺病, 粉尘危害

Abstract: Objective To understand the dust hazards and health status of workers exposed to dust in Wuhu,and to provide scientific basis for formulating corresponding prevention and control measures. Methods The health examination data of dust exposed workers from occupational health examination institutions in Wuhu from 2017 to 2022 were collected and established into a database by Excel 2007,and analyzed statistically by SPSS 19.0. Results A total of 22 131 occupational health examination data of dust exposed workers were collected during the on-the-job period. Among the physical examination personnel,11 cases of suspected occupational diseases and 68 cases of occupational contraindications were found,and the total abnormal rate of health examination was 0.36%. The abnormal rate of hypertension was 23.45%,and the abnormal rate of hypertension in men was higher than that in women,which was statistically significant（χ²=47.841,P<0.01）. The abnormal rate of hypertension in the population aged 55 and above was higher than that in other age groups,the abnormal rate of hypertension in the population with more than 10 years of work experience was higher than that in other work experience groups,and the abnormal rates of small and micro enterprises were 30.49% and 39.82%,respectively. The abnormal rate of electrocardiogram（ECG） was 19.14%,with a higher abnormality rate in males than females（χ²=78.188,P<0.01）. The abnormal rate of ECG in dust exposed workers aged 55 and above was 27.84%,and there were statistically significant differences in the abnormal rate of ECG in different age groups（χ²=179.587,P<0.01）. The detection rate of pneumoconiosis like change was 0.29%,and the pneumoconiosis like change rate in chest radiograph of dust exposure workers aged 55 and above was 0.53%. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of pneumoconiosis like changes between different age groups（χ²=4.942,P>0.05）. The abnormal rates of forced vital capacity（FVC）,forced expiratory volume in one second（FEV₁） and FEV₁/FVC were 12.30%,4.03% and 2.54%,respectively. The abnormal rate of FVC% and FEV₁ in dust exposed workers aged ≥55 were higher than those of other dust exposed workers,and the abnormal rate of FVC% in dust exposed workers with more than 10 years of service was the highest. Conclusion The health condition of workers exposed to dust in Wuhu City should be taken seriously. The risk is higher in men than in women,and older and long-serving workers have higher abnormal rates of various indicators. The occupational hazards of workers in small and micro enterprises are more serious and should be the key supervision object.

Key words: Occupation, Pneumoconiosis, Dust hazard