中小学生家长正念和教育焦虑在社会导向完美主义和养育倦怠间的链式中介作用

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1373-1378.

中小学生家长正念和教育焦虑在社会导向完美主义和养育倦怠间的链式中介作用

史丛丛^1,2, 赵媚^1,2

1.中国科学院心理研究所,北京 100101;
2.中国科学院大学心理学系,北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-08-15 修回日期:2024-08-28 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-12-18
通信作者: 赵媚,副研究员,E-mail：zhaomei@psych.ac.cn
作者简介:史丛丛,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为健康心理学。

Chain mediating role of mindfulness and educational anxiety between social-oriented perfectionism and parental burnout among parents of primary and secondary school students

SHI Congcong^1,2, ZHAO Mei^1,2

1. Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;
2. Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China

Received:2024-08-15 Revised:2024-08-28 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-12-18
Contact: ZHAO Mei,Associate research fellow,E-mail：zhaomei@psych.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解中小学生家长养育倦怠现状,分析中小学生家长完美主义不同维度对养育倦怠的影响,检验正念、教育焦虑在社会导向完美主义与养育倦怠之间的链式中介作用是否成立。方法 2023年6—7月使用HEWITT多维完美主义量表（Hewitt multidimensional perfectionism scale,HMPS）、养育倦怠量表（parental burnout assessment,PBA）、正念注意觉知量表（mindfulness attention awareness scale,MAAS）、教育焦虑量表在山东省东营市、泰安市等地区10所中小学采取方便抽样的方法进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果山东省2个城市10所中小学家长社会导向完美主义、养育倦怠、正念、教育焦虑得分分别为（25.81±6.04）、（51.02±31.32）、（68.15±14.70）和（47.10±15.37）分。该群体中小学生母亲养育倦怠发生率为7.19%,父亲养育倦怠的发生率为4.44%;社会导向完美主义与养育倦怠、教育焦虑之间呈显著的正相关（r=0.336、0.245,均P<0.01）,与正念呈显著负相关（r=-0.302,P<0.01）。养育倦怠与教育焦虑呈显著正相关（r=0.294,P<0.01）,与正念呈显著负相关（r=-0.636,P<0.01）。正念与教育焦虑呈显著负相关（r=-0.259,P<0.01）,正念和教育焦虑均在社会导向完美主义和养育倦怠间起中介作用,前者的中介效应值为0.186,占总效应的51.667%,后者的中介效应值为0.017,占总效应的4.722%;正念与养育倦怠在社会导向完美主义和养育倦怠间起链式中介作用,链式中介效应值为0.009,占总效应的2.500%。结论中小学生家长社会导向完美主义通过正念与教育焦虑的链式中介作用间接对养育倦怠产生影响,可以正向预测养育倦怠。

关键词: 养育倦怠, 中小学生家长, 教育焦虑, 社会导向完美主义, 正念

Abstract: Objective To investigate the current state of parental burnout among elementary and middle school students' parents,analyze the impact of different dimensions of perfectionism on parental burnout among these parents,and test whether mindfulness and educational anxiety establish a chain mediating effect between social-oriented prescribed perfectionism and parental burnout. Methods From June to July 2023,a convenience sampling method was applied in ten elementary and middle schools in Dongying City and Tai'an City of Shandong Province,and a questionnaire survey was conducted using the Hewitt multidimensional perfectionism scale（HMPS）,parental burnout assessment（PBA）,mindfulness attention awareness scale（MAAS）,and the educational anxiety scale,and the data were analyzed. Results The scores for social-oriented perfectionism,parental burnout,mindfulness,and educational anxiety among parents of elementary and middle school students in ten schools across two cities in Shandong Province were （25.81±6.04）,（51.02±31.32）,（68.15±14.70） and （47.10±15.37）points,respectively. The incidence rate of parental burnout among mothers of elementary and middle school students in this group was 7.19%,and among fathers,it was 4.44%. The social-oriented perfectionism was significantly positively correlated with parental burnoutand educational anxiety（r=0.336,0.245,both P<0.01）,and significantly negatively correlated with mindfulness（r=-0.302,P<0.01）. The parental burnout was significantly positively correlated with educational anxiety（r=0.294,P<0.01）,and significantly negatively correlated with mindfulness（r=-0.636,P<0.01）. The mindfulness was significantly negatively correlated with educational anxiety（r=-0.259,P<0.01）. Both mindfulness and educational anxiety served as mediators between social-oriented perfectionismand parental burnout,with the former's mediating effect being 0.186,accounting for 51.667% of the total effect,and the latter's mediating effect being 0.017,accounting for 4.722% of the total effect. The mindfulness and parental burnout also had a chain mediating effect between social-oriented perfectionism and parental burnout with a chain mediating effect value of 0.009,accounting for 2.500% of the total effect. Conclusion The social-oriented perfectionism among parents of elementary and middle school students indirectly influences parental burnout through the chain mediating effects of mindfulness and educational anxiety,which can positively predict parental burnout.

Key words: Parental burnout, Parents of elementary and middle school students, Educational anxiety, Social-oriented perfectionism, Mindfulness

中图分类号:

R395.6

史丛丛, 赵媚. 中小学生家长正念和教育焦虑在社会导向完美主义和养育倦怠间的链式中介作用. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(10): 1373-1378.

SHI Congcong, ZHAO Mei. Chain mediating role of mindfulness and educational anxiety between social-oriented perfectionism and parental burnout among parents of primary and secondary school students. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(10): 1373-1378.

参考文献

[1] ABIDIN R R.Introduction to the Special issue:The Stresses of Parenting[J].J Clin Child Adolesc,2010,19(4):298-301.
[2] ROSKAM I,RAES M E,MIKOLAJCZAK M.Exhausted parents:development and preliminary validation of the parental burnout inventory[J].Front Psychol,2017,8:236360.
[3] ROSKAM I,BRIANDA M E,MIKOLAJCZAK M.A step forward in the conceptualization and measurement of parental burnout:the parental burnout assessment(PBA)[J].Front Psychol,2018,9:758.
[4] KAWAMOTO T,FURUTANI K,ALIMARDANI M.Preliminary Validation of Japanese Version of the Parental Burnout Inventory and Its Relationship With Perfectionism[J].Front Psychol,2018,9:970.
[5] ROSKAM I,AGUIAR J,AKGUN E,et al.Parental burnout around the globe:a 42-country study[J].Affect Sci,2021,2(1):58-79.
[6] MIKOLAJCZAK M,BRIANDA M E,AVALOSSE H,et al.Consequences of parental burnout:Its specific effect on child neglect and violence[J].Child Abuse Negl,2018,80:134-145.
[7] HEWITT,PAUL L. FLETT,GORDON L.Perfectionism in the self and social contexts:Conceptualization,assessment,and association with psychopathology[J].J Pers Soc Psychol,1991,60(3):456-470.
[8] 杨宗瑶. 父母完美主义对养育倦怠的影响:有调节的中介模型[D].天津:南开大学,2022.
[9] SORKKILA M,AUNOLA K.Risk factors for parental burnout among finnish parents:the role of socially prescribed perfectionism[J].J Child Fam Stud,2020,29(3):648-659.
[10] KABAT-ZINN J.Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Context:Past,Present,and Future[J].Clin Psychol-Sci Pr,2003,10(2):144-156.
[11] FLETT G L,NEPON T,HEWITT P L,et al.Why perfectionism is antithetical to mindfulness:a conceptual and empirical analysis and consideration of treatment implications[J].Int J Ment Health Ad,2021,19(5):1625-1645.
[12] MALIN A,RAIMO L,JOONA M,et al.Cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness for stress and burnout:a waiting list controlled pilot study comparing treatments for parents of children with chronic conditions.[J].Scand J Caring Sci,2018,32(1):389-396.
[13] PAUCSIK M,URBANOWICZ A,LEYS C,et al.Self-compassion and rumination type mediate the relation between mindfulness and parental burnout[J].Int J Env Res Pub He,2021,18(16):8811.
[14] 陈华仔,肖维.中国家长“教育焦虑症”现象解读[J].国家教育行政学院学报,2014(2):18-23.
[15] 董辉. 大都市家长的教育焦虑:忧心所向与忧虑几何?——基于上海等城市调查数据的分析与思考[J].首都师范大学学报(社会科学版),2022(5):130-144,187.
[16] 高洁,赵双如,李杨,等.家长教育焦虑质性研究——以重庆市某学校为例[J].广西教育学院学报,2022(1):31-35.
[17] 韩海棠. 中产阶层家长的教育焦虑:现状、问题与原因[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2018.
[18] 唐逸文,邓林园,王婧怡,等.流动的焦虑:我国城市中小学家长教育焦虑生成与维持机制的质性研究[C].成都:北京师范大学教育学部,中国青少年研究中心少年儿童研究所,2023.
[19] 肖红杰. 义务教育阶段家长教育焦虑形成的质性研究[D].金华:浙江师范大学,2023.
[20] 王婧怡,万琨,邓林园.母亲工作-家庭冲突和养育倦怠的关系:一个有调节的中介模型[C].成都:北京师范大学教育学部,2023.
[21] 邓林园,王婧怡,唐逸文,等.中小学家长教育焦虑的解释现象学分析[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2023(6):141-151.
[22] 吕娜. 正念养育对父母教育焦虑的影响:亲子关系的中介作用[J].中小学心理健康教育,2024(2):10-13.
[23] MIKOLAJCZAK M,ROSKAM I A theoretical and clinical framework for parental burnout:the balance between risks and resources(BR2)[J].Front Psychol,2018,9:886.
[24] ZHANG B,CAI T.Using SEM to examine the dimensions of perfectionism and investigate the mediating role of self-esteem between perfectionism and depression in china[J].Aust J Guid Couns,2012,22(1):44-57.
[25] LIN G X,SZCZYGIE? D,HANSOTTE L,et al.Aiming to be perfect parents increases the risk of parental burnout,but emotional competence mitigates it[J].Curr Psychol,2023,42(2):1362-1370.
[26] PIOTROWSKI K.Child-oriented and partner-oriented perfectionism explain different aspects of family difficulties[J].PLoS One,2020,15(8):e0236870.
[27] 李琳. 子女教育心理控制源对初中生考试焦虑的影响─家长教育焦虑的中介作用[D].烟台:鲁东大学,2018.
[28] 陈思佚,崔红,周仁来,等.正念注意觉知量表(MAAS)的修订及信效度检验[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2012,20(2):148-151.
[29] CAISA L,JAN A,LINDAHL A N.Parental burnout in relation to sociodemographic,psychosocial and personality factors as well as disease duration and glycaemic control in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus[J].Acta Paediatr(Oslo,Norway:1992),2011,100(7):1011-1017.