职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1418-1424.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国医务人员锐器伤致血源性暴露影响因素的meta分析

钟中慈1a, 车易展2, 边佳3, 华诚峰1b, 董丽娟1a   

  1. 1.广州中医药大学附属中山中医院 a护理部, b骨四科,广东 中山 528400;
    2.河南中医药大学护理学院,河南 郑州 450003;
    3.广州中医药大学深圳临床医学院,广东 深圳 518116
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-22 修回日期:2024-10-06 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-12-18
  • 通信作者: 董丽娟,主任护师,E-mail:1751066649@qq.com
  • 作者简介:钟中慈,女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为临床护理与护理管理。

Meta-analysis of influencing factors of blood-borne exposure caused by sharp instrument injury in medical staff in China

ZHONG Zhongci1a, CHE Yizhan2, BIAN Jia3, HUA Chengfeng1b, DONG Lijuan1a   

  1. 1a. Department of Nursing,b Department of Orthopedic IV,Zhongshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Zhongshan,Guangdong 528400,China;
    2. School of Nursing,Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou,Henan 450003,China;
    3. Shenzhen Clinical Medicine College,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518116,China
  • Received:2024-09-22 Revised:2024-10-06 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-12-18
  • Contact: DONG Lijuan,Chief nurse,E-mail:1751066649@qq.com

摘要: 目的 了解我国临床医务人员发生锐器伤的影响因素,为预防和干预我国临床医务人员锐器伤的发生提供参考依据。方法 检索建库到2024年4月从中国生物医学数据库、维普数据库、万方数据库(Wangfang Date)、中国知网(CNKI)、Web of Science(WOS)、Cochrane、PubMed、Embase等中英文数据库关于我国临床医务人员锐器伤损害的相关研究,由2名分析人员对文献进行独立筛选,提取文献资料并对文献质量进行评价,使用RevMan 5.4软件对文献进行系统评价。结果 共纳入38篇文献,总样本量为84 456人,提取了14个影响因素。Meta分析结果表明,护士(OR=1.55,95%CI:1.01~2.35)、超负荷工作(加班)(OR=1.61,95%CI:1.40~184)、操作时未带手套(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.01~1.76)、工作环境(OR=1.99,95%CI:1.13~3.51)、工作年限(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.10~1.39)、科室(手术科室)(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.10~1.39)、年龄0~<30岁(OR=1.96,95%CI:1.26~3.06)、锐器接触频繁(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.75~2.91)、学历(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.73~0.98)、职称(OR=1.26,95%CI:1.03~1.55)、经常参加职业培训(OR=0.50,95%CI:0.44~0.57)、严格按照操作要求(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.62~0.86)、医院是否采取防护措施(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.12~1.51)均是我国医务人员锐器伤的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 护士、超负荷工作(加班)、操作时未带手套、工作环境、工作年限、科室(手术科室)、年龄<30岁、锐器接触频繁、学历、职称是医务人员发生锐器伤的危险因素,而经常参加职业培训、对锐器伤的认知、严格按照操作要求是医务人员发生锐器伤的保护因素。医院及相关部门可以针对上述因素予以高度关注,做好早期防范工作,以减少医务人员锐器伤的发生。

关键词: 医务人员, 锐器伤, 血源性暴露, 影响因素, Meta分析

Abstract: Objective To understand the influencing factors of sharp instrument injuries among clinical medical staff in China,and to provide reference for the prevention and intervention of sharp instrument injuries among clinical medical staff in China. Methods The Chinese biomedical database(CBM),VIP database,Wanfang database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Web of Science(WOS),Cochrane,PubMed,Embase and other Chinese and English databases were searched from the establishment of the database to April 2024.The relevant research on sharp instrument injuries of clinical medical staff in China was independently screened by two analysts,and the literature was extracted and the quality of the literature was evaluated.RevMan 5.4 software was used to systematically evaluate the literature. Results A total of 38 articles were included,with a total sample size of 84 456 people,and 14 influencing factors were extracted.The results of meta-analysis showed that nurses(OR=1.55,95%CI:1.01-2.35),overwork(OR=1.61,95%CI:1.40-184),operating without gloves(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.01-1.76),working environment(OR=1.99,95%CI:1.13-3.51),working years(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.10-1.39),department(surgical department)(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.10-1.39),age 0-<30 years old(OR=1.96,95%CI:1.26-3.06),frequent contact with sharp(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.75-2.91),educational education(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.73-0.98),professional title(OR=1.26,95%CI:1.03-1.55),frequent participation invocational training(OR=0.50,95%CI:0.44-0.57),strict compliance withoperation requirements(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.62-0.86),whether hospitals have taken protective measures(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.12-1.51) were the influencing factors of sharp instrument injuries among medical staff in China(all P<0.05). Conclusion Nurses,overloaded work(overtime),operating without gloves,working environment,working years,department(surgical department),age 0-<30 years old,frequent contact with sharp instruments,educational background and professional title are risk factors for sharp instrument injuries in medical staff,while frequent participation in vocational training,awareness of sharp instrument injuries and strict compliance with operational requirements are protective factors for sharp instrument injuries in medical staff.Hospitals and relevant departments can pay close attention to the above factors and do early prevention work to reduce the possibility of sharp instrument injuries among medical staff.

Key words: Medical staff, Sharp instrument injury, Bloodborne exposure, Influencing factors, Meta-analysis

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