2019—2023年成都市大邑县食源性疾病监测结果分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析2019—2023年成都市大邑县食源性疾病流行病学特征,为制定针对性的食源性疾病防控措施提供科学依据。方法收集整理2019—2023年成都市大邑县食源性疾病监测数据,使用Excel 2013进行数据整理,使用SPSS 25.0进行数据统计分析。采用构成比、率等指标描述食源性疾病报告情况。不同构成比之间的比较采用χ²检验,理论频数不符合χ²检验条件则采用Fisher精确概率法进行检验。采用线性趋势检验比较年发病率及构成比的趋势变化。结果 2019—2023年成都市大邑县食源性疾病病例共报告4 933例,发病率呈逐年上升趋势（χ²_趋势=38.376,P<0.05）。女性发病数高于男性,男女比例1 ∶ 1.7;年龄分布以0~<10岁组病例最多,为1 249例,占25.32%,构成比呈逐年上升趋势。职业分布中农民最多,为1 855例,占37.60%,构成比呈逐年上升趋势;季节分布主要集中在第3季度1 609例,占32.62%和第2季度1 340例,占27.16%;第3季度病例数构成比呈逐年下降趋势,第2季度病例数量构成比呈逐年上升趋势。症状以消化系统症状为主,为4 916例,占99.66%,其次为全身症状1 022例,占20.72%。可疑食品为肉与肉制品的最多1 309例,占26.54%,其次为水果类及其制品有1 078例,占21.85%,蔬菜类及其制品有477例,占9.67%。可疑暴露食品加工及包装方式分类中,以家庭自制占比最多,为2 112例,占42.81%,其次为散装,包括简易包装1 654例,占33.53%。家庭为主要进食场所3 984例,占80.76%,其次为餐饮服务业483例,占9.79%,其他、零售市场、集体食堂、农村宴席分布较少。结论女性、0~<10岁人群、农民是成都市大邑县食源性疾病防控重点人群,夏秋季是食源性疾病高发季节,应加强针对性的食品安全知识教育,提升群众食品安全意识。继续强化食品安全风险监测,将肉类及其制品、水果及其制品纳入重点监测对象,及时发现食品安全风险隐患。可疑暴露食品的加工及包装方式分类以家庭自制和散装为主,应加强食品生产经营监管,降低食源性疾病的发生风险。

关键词: 食源性疾病, 流行病学特征, 监测结果

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Dayi County,Chengdu from 2019 to 2023,and to provide scientific basis for formulating targeted measures for prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods Surveillance data of foodborne diseases in Dayi County,Chengdu from 2019 to 2023 were collected and statistically analyzed using Excel 2013 and SPSS 25.0. Indicators such as composition ratio and rate were used to describe the reporting of foodborne diseases. χ² test was used to compare the different component ratios,and Fisher exact probability method was used to test the theoretical frequency which did not meet the χ² test condition. Linear trend test was used to compare the trend changes of annual incidence and composition ratio. Results A total of 4 933 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in Dayi County,Chengdu from 2019 to 2023,and the incidence showed an increasing trend year by year（χ²_trend =38.376,P<0.05）. The number of female patients was higher than that of male patients,and the ratio of male to female was 1∶1.7. The age distribution showed the highest number of cases in the 0-<10 age group,with 1 249 cases,accounting for 25.32%,and the proportion of cases is increasing year by year. In the age distribution group,1 249 cases（25.32%） were found in 0-<10 years old,and the proportion of cases increased year by year.In the occupation distribution,farmers had the highest number,with 1 855 cases,accounting for 37.60%,and the composition ratio showed an increasing trend year by year. The seasonal distribution is mainly concentrated in the third quarter with 1 609 cases,accounting for 32.62%,and the second quarter with 1 340 cases,accounting for 27.16%. The number of cases in the third quarter showed a downward trend year by year,while the number of cases in the second quarter showed an upward trend year by year. The main symptoms were digestive system symptoms in 4 916 cases（99.66%）,followed by systemic symptoms in 1 022 cases,accounting for 20.72%. Meat and meat products accounted for the most 1 309 cases（26.54%）,followed by fruit and its products in 1 078 cases（21.85%）,and vegetables and its products in 477 cases（9.67%）. In the classification of processing and packaging methods of suspiciously exposed food,home-made food accounted for the most 2 112 cases（42.81%）,followed by bulk（including simple packaging） in 1 654 cases（33.53%）. Family was the main eating place in 3 984 cases（80.76%）,followed by catering service industry in 483 cases（9.79%）,other,retail market,collective canteen,rural banquets were less distributed. Conclusion Women,people aged 0-<10 years old and farmers are the key groups for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases in Dayi County,Chengdu. Summer and autumn are the seasons with high incidence of foodborne diseases. Therefore,targeted food safety knowledge education should be strengthened to enhance people's awareness of food safety. We will continue to strengthen food safety risk monitoring,including meat and its products,fruit and its products in the key monitoring objects,and promptly detect hidden food safety risks. The processing and packaging methods of suspected exposed foods are mainly home-made and bulk,and the supervision of food production and operation should be strengthened to reduce the risk of foodborne diseases.

Key words: Foodborne diseases, Epidemiological characteristics, Monitoring result

中图分类号:

R155.3

温爱玲, 周详, 冯翠芸. 2019—2023年成都市大邑县食源性疾病监测结果分析. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(14): 1902-1907.

WEN Ailing, ZHOU Xiang, FENG Cuiyun. Analysis of Foodborne Disease Surveillance Results in Dayi County,Chengdu City from 2019 to 2023. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(14): 1902-1907.

参考文献

[1] 郭云昌. 用科技创新理念推动食源性疾病监测工作持续健康发展[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2021,31(17):2154-2155.
[2] 林风龙,席金彦,郝鹏飞,等.2019—2022年新乡市54350例食源性疾病流行病学分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2024,40(2):124-131.
[3] 张冠,陈晓珑.2019—2022年洛阳市食源性疾病监测结果分析[J].应用预防医学,2024,30(2):118-122.
[4] 李艳飞,谭云鹤,蓝剑.2017—2021年柳州市食源性疾病监测结果分析[J].右江医学,2024,52(3):249-255.
[5] 杨彦玲,赵江,万青青,等.2016—2020年云南省食源性疾病病例监测结果分析[J].职业与健康,2022,38(17):2338-2343.
[6] 刁文丽,王凯琳,宋蕴奇,等.2014—2019年辽宁省食源性疾病流行病学分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2021,33(4):451-455.
[7] 史清松,马亭亭,李卫华,等.2019—2022年德州市食源性疾病病例监测流行病学分析[J].山东大学学报(医学版),2024,62(3):100-106,116.
[8] 王玲莉,黄利明,刘辉.2012—2020年杭州市食源性疾病监测与流行病学分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2023,35(6):922-927.
[9] 金迪,郭宝福,孙桂菊.南京市2018年食源性疾病主动监测流行病学特征[J].中国公共卫生,2021,37(3):564-567.
[10] 聂勇光,刘风仙.2017—2019年滨州市食源性疾病病例监测分析[J].职业与健康,2021,37(23):3202-3205.
[11] 吴晓芳,徐德顺,纪蕾,等.2018-2020年浙江省湖州市食源性疾病监测结果分析[J].疾病监测,2021,36(9):958-962.
[12] 陆子春,蒋一.佳木斯市2018年食源性疾病监测结果分析[J].中国公共卫生管理,2020,36(3):369-371,384.
[13] 杨晓冬,赵凤,韩婷婷,等.2020—2022年南充市食源性疾病病例流行特征及可疑聚集事件分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2023,39(8):961-965.
[14] 王凌鸿,张赟,李之果,等.2013—2022年兰州市城关区食源性疾病监测数据分析[J].疾病预防控制通报,2024,39(3):75-78.
[15] 韩东方,俞丹丹,李晨晨,等.2014—2020年金山区食源性疾病监测结果[J].预防医学,2022,34(1):91-94.
[16] 舒哲敏,许铁梅,刘艳,等.2017—2021年资阳市食源性疾病病例流行病学分析[J].职业与健康,2023,39(2):179-182.
[17] 徐贞贞,尚明风.2020—2022年日照市东港区食源性疾病监测结果分析[J].中国初级卫生保健,2024,38(1):103-106.
[18] 肖巍,李想,罗君.2020年河南省开封市食源性疾病流行病学特征[J].河南预防医学杂志,2022,33(2):150-152,162.
[19] 郑重,孙月琳,陈友霞,等.2019—2020年烟台市食源性疾病流行病学特征分析[J].实用预防医学,2022,29(9):1031-1034.
[20] 陈婕,张华涛,赵忠俊,等.2018—2021年山东省潍坊市食源性疾病病例病原学监测结果分析[J].预防医学论坛,2022,28(8):572-574,597.
[21] 刘敏,朱金红.诸城市2019年食源性疾病监测结果分析[J].实用医药杂志,2021,38(4):347-349.
[22] 孙炀明,林云,罗建勇,等.2017—2019年嘉兴市食源性疾病监测结果分析[J].中国公共卫生管理,2021,37(2):217-219.
[23] 张馨月,曾敬,李敏,等.2017—2019年武汉市监测食源性疾病流行特征[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2021,31(4):631-635.
[24] 李泱乐,王昊,于澄,等.2018—2021年长春市家庭食源性疾病病例监测分析[J].中国卫生工程学,2022,21(5):727-729.
[25] 王黎荔,林丹,高四海,等.温州市食源性疾病流行特征分析[J].预防医学,2021,33(3):306-308.
[26] 林黎,周玉锦,张誉,等.2015—2020年四川省食源性疾病哨点医院监测结果分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2021,37(6):792-797.
[27] 邓明菊,宋阳,边绍勇,等.2015—2019年凉山州食源性疾病病例流行病学特征分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2021,37(3):334-339,350.
[28] 张雪佩,栾玮玮,马伟.2013—2021年济南市食源性疾病监测结果分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2023,34(2):40-44.