关键词: 职业病危害因素, 监测, 健康评估

Abstract: Objective Through the monitoring of occupational disease hazard factors in the workplaces of employers,to understand the current situation of occupational disease hazards in key industries in Ninghe District,Tianjin in 2023,analyze the distribution and concentration（intensity） levels of occupational disease hazard factors in the workplaces of employers of different scales,and provide technical support and basis to formulate occupational disease prevention and control strategies. Methods A total of 25 employers in key industries of Ninghe District were selected to conduct occupational hazard factors investigations and on-site monitoring,and the data were analyzed. Results All 25 employers were engaged in the manufacturing industry,with the majority being small and micro-sized enterprises accounting for 72.00%. A total of 11 765 people were exposed to three hazardous factors,namely dust,physical factors and chemical poisons,during the production and labor process. A total of 10 814 person-times actually underwent key occupational disease health examinations,with an overall actual examination rate of 91.92%. Among them,the actual examination rate for workers engaged in dust-related operations was 91.23%,that for those exposed to physical factors was 95.02% and that for those exposed to chemical poisons was 92.58%. A total of 369 workplaces were inspected,with an over-standard rate of 21.95%. For 302 job stations,the over-standard rate was 24.50%. Among them,there were 45 silica dust job stations exceeding the standard（with C_TWA>0.7 mg/m³）,with an over-standard rate of 56.25%;24 noise job stations exceeded the standard[with L_{EX.8 h}>85 dB（A）],with an over-standard rate of 24.00%;And 1 chemical toxicant job station exceeded the standard,with a relatively low over-standard rate of 1.37%. The hazards of silica dust operations were mainly concentrated in positions such as tank pouring,packaging,cleaning and casting. The hazards of noise operations were mainly concentrated in the ferrous metal smelting and rolling industry,as well as the metal and non-metal mineral products industry,mainly in positions such as furnace front,grinding,cleaning,casting,and material preparation. The differences in the over-standard rates of silica dust and noise hazard factors among different positions were statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion In 2023,the employers with key occupational disease hazards in Ninghe District,Tianjin were manufacturing enterprises,mainly small,medium and micro-sized ones. The key occupational disease hazards to be prevented and controlled were dust and noise,and the two major occupational diseases to be focused on preventing and controlling were silicosis and noise-induced deafness. It is suggested that employers should further implement their main responsibility for occupational disease prevention and control,reduce the risk of occupational diseases,and protect the health of workers.

Key words: Occupational disease, Hazard factors, Monitoring, Health assessment