基于潜在剖面分析湖南省中医院护士心理健康及授权管理策略

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (19): 2661-2667.

基于潜在剖面分析湖南省中医院护士心理健康及授权管理策略

蓝相洲^1,2, 倪娟³, 李铃佳^1,2, 曾维轲⁴, 陈苗¹, 陈青¹

1.湖南中医药大学第一附属医院护理部,湖南长沙 410007;
2.湖南中医药大学护理学院,湖南长沙 410208;
3.湖南中医药高等专科学校护理学院,湖南株洲 412012;
4.长沙当代护士杂志社有限公司编辑部,湖南长沙 410011

收稿日期:2025-02-14 修回日期:2025-02-25 出版日期:2025-10-01 发布日期:2025-12-13
通信作者: 陈青,主任护师,E-mail：13787142874@163.com
作者简介:蓝相洲,男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为中西医结合护理。
基金资助:
长沙市科技计划软科学项目（kh2302034）; 2023年湖南省中医药管理局项目（D2023018）; 国家中医优势专科-护理学（国中医药医政函〔2024〕90号）; 湖南省“十四五”第二批中医学学科带头人项目（湘财社指[2023]0095号/财社[2023]143号）

Latent profile analysis of mental health and empowerment management strategies among nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in Hunan Province

LAN Xiangzhou^1,2, NI Juan³, LI Lingjia^1,2, ZENG Weike⁴, CHEN Miao¹, CHEN Qing¹

1. Department of Nursing,The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha,Hunan 410007,China;
2. School of Nursing,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha,Hunan 410208,China;
3. School of Nursing,Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College,Zhuzhou,Hunan 412012,China;
4. Editorial Department,Changsha Contemporary Nurse Magazine Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410011,China

Received:2025-02-14 Revised:2025-02-25 Online:2025-10-01 Published:2025-12-13
Contact: CHEN Qing,Chief nurse,E-mail：13787142874@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解湖南省中医院护士心理授权现状,并分析其潜在剖面及其管理策略。方法采用分层随机抽样法,2024年6—7月在湖南省所有中医院内随机抽取3所三级医院和2所二级医院的护士作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、心理授权量表、中文版同情疲劳量表和护士道德困境量表进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果最终纳入1 012名中医院护士。护士心理授权得分为（44.92±8.29）分,中文版同情疲劳量表得分为（94.12±14.94）分,护士道德困境量表得分为（48.86±40.75）分。中医院护士心理授权可分为“潜力激发组”（17.9%）、“效能均衡组”（58.0%）、“自主驱动组”（24.1%）3个潜在剖面。多元Logistic回归结果显示,以“自主驱动组”为参照组,同情疲劳程度（OR=0.928,P<0.01）、道德困境程度（OR=1.025,P<0.01）、工作年限为0~<4年（OR=4.127,P<0.05）和近1个月加班次数为0次（OR=0.227,P<0.01）是“潜力激发组”的预测因素;同情疲劳程度（OR=0.965,P<0.01）、道德困境程度（OR=1.018,P<0.01）、职称为护师（OR=2.396,P<0.05）和近1个月加班次数为0次（OR=0.304,P<0.01）是“效能均衡组”的预测因素。结论湖南省中医院护士心理授权处于中等水平并可分为3个潜在剖面类别。医院管理者应根据不同类别的护士提供对应的工作安排和支持性管理策略,从而提升护士心理授权水平,进而提高整体护理质量和患者满意度。

关键词: 潜在剖面分析, 护士, 心理授权, 同情疲劳, 道德困境

Abstract: Objective To understand the current status of psychological empowerment among nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in Hunan Province,and analyze their latent profiles and management strategies. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to randomly select nurses from 3 tertiary hospitals and 2 secondary hospitals in all traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in Hunan Province from June to July 2024 as survey subjects. A general information questionnaire,the psychological empowerment scale（PES）,the Chinese version of the compassion fatigue scale（CFS）,and the nurses' moral distress scale（MDS） were used for the survey,and the data were analyzed. Results A total of 1 012 nurses from traditional Chinese medicine hospitals were ultimately included. The score for nurses psychological empowerment was （44.92±8.29）points,the score for the Chinese version of the CFS was （94.12±14.94）points,and the score for nurses MDS was （48.86±40.75）points. The psychological empowerment of nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals could be divided into three latent profiles："potential activation group"（17.9%）,"effectiveness balance group"（58.0%）,and "autonomy driven group"（24.1%）. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that,using the "autonomy driven group" as the reference group,levels of compassion fatigue（OR=0.928,P<0.01）,levels of ethical dilemmas（OR=1.025,P<0.01）,and years of service of 0-<4 years（OR=4.127,P<0.05）,as well as overtime frequency of 0 time in the past month（OR=0.227,P<0.01）,were predictive factors for the "potential activation group";Levels of compassion fatigue（OR=0.965,P<0.01）,levels of ethical dilemmas（OR=1.018,P<0.01）,the professional title of nurse practitioner（OR=2.396,P<0.05）,and overtime frequency of 0 time in the past month（OR=0.304,P<0.01） were predictive factors for the "effectiveness balance group". Conclusion The psychological empowerment of nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in Hunan Province is at a moderate level and can be divided into three latent profile categories. Hospital administrators should provide corresponding work arrangements and supportive management strategies for nurses of different categories,in order to enhance their psychological empowerment level and improve overall nursing quality and patient satisfaction.

Key words: Latent profile analysis, Nurse, Psychological empowerment, Compassion fatigue, Moral distress

中图分类号:

R749

蓝相洲, 倪娟, 李铃佳, 曾维轲, 陈苗, 陈青. 基于潜在剖面分析湖南省中医院护士心理健康及授权管理策略. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(19): 2661-2667.

LAN Xiangzhou, NI Juan, LI Lingjia, ZENG Weike, CHEN Miao, CHEN Qing. Latent profile analysis of mental health and empowerment management strategies among nurses in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in Hunan Province. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(19): 2661-2667.

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