关键词: 重点职业病监测, 职业病, 职业健康检查

Abstract: Objective To analyze the monitoring results of key occupational diseases in Cangzhou City from 2018 to 2022,further grasp the health status of laborers,and provide technical basis for formulating occupational disease prevention and control strategies in Cangzhou City. Methods The monitoring data of key occupational diseases and occupational health examinations in Cangzhou City from 2018 to 2022 were collected,and a database was established with Excel 2016.Data were sorted and analyzed with SPSS 21.0 software. Results The number of monitored occupational diseases and the number of occupational health examinations in Cangzhou City increased year by year from 2018 to 2022.A total of 9 cases of occupational disease were reported in the past 5 years,mostly distributed in private small enterprises,and most of them were men,most of the working years were less than 3 years.In the past five years,a total of 802 cases of occupational contraindications were detected,accounting for 0.38%,and 22 cases of suspected occupational diseases were reported,accounting for 0.01%,among which 13 cases were suspected noise deafness.In the past five years,the occupational health examinations in Cangzhou City was mainly concentrated in small private enterprises,with a focus on males,and the age was concentrated between 30 and 40 years old. The occupational health examination results of workers exposed to benzene derivatives in Cangzhou City from 2018 to 2022 showed that the detection rate of abnormal blood routine was 4.79%. The differences in abnormal blood routine rates among employees of different genders,ages,enterprise sizes,and economic types were statistically significant（all P<0.05）.The occupational health examination results of workers exposed to noise showed that the abnormal detection rate of hearing screening was 5.19%,and there were statistical differences in the abnormal rate of hearing screening according to gender,age,enterprise scale and economic type（all P<0.05）.The abnormal rate of hearing screening showed a trend change with the change of age and enterprise scale,and the difference were statistically significant（χ²=1 857.92,487.405,both P<0.01）.The occupational health examination results of workers exposed to dust showed that the detection rate of abnormal lung function was 5.21%,and there were statistical differences in the detection rate of abnormal lung function among different gender,age,enterprise scale and economic type（all P<0.05）.The detection rate of abnormal lung function showed a trend change with the change of age and enterprise scale,and the differences were statistically significant（χ²=500.269,514.794,both P<0.01）. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in Cangzhou City should focus on the prevention and treatment of occupational hazards such as benzene,noise,dust and other occupational hazards,strengthen the supervision of Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan enterprises,small and medium-sized enterprises,and enhance the awareness of legal responsibility and social responsibility of employers. Strengthen the supervision and training of the occupational health inspection institutions and improve the ability of occupational health examinations,strengthen the training and protection of workers,expand publicity and education,enhance workers' knowledge of occupational disease prevention and treatment supervise the use of protective equipment,and reduce the occurrence of occupational diseases.

Key words: Key occupational disease surveillance, Occupational disease, Occupational health examination