武汉市地铁集中空调通风系统送风微生物净化效率影响因素

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (21): 2982-2985.

武汉市地铁集中空调通风系统送风微生物净化效率影响因素

陶懿¹, 石斌², 胡胜伟¹, 王怀记²

1.武汉地铁集团有限公司,湖北武汉 430030;
2.武汉市疾病预防控制中心环境与健康所,湖北武汉 430024

收稿日期:2024-11-21 修回日期:2025-01-17 发布日期:2025-12-15
通信作者: 石斌,副主任医师,E-mail：48203938@qq.com
作者简介:陶懿,男,工程师,主要从事集中空调管理工作。
基金资助:
湖北省卫健委卫生健康科研项目（WJ2023M144）; 武汉市地铁集团有限公司科研项目（GS-JZ-1164）; 湖北省卫健委预防专项重大项目（WJ2019H303）; 武汉预防医学科研专项（MY19M01）

Influencing factors of microbial purification efficiency of air supply in metro central air conditioning ventilation system in Wuhan City

TAO Yi¹, SHI Bin², HU Shengwei¹, WANG Huaiji²

1. Wuhan Metro Group Co. ,Ltd,Wuhan,Hubei 430030,China;
2. Institute of Environmental and Health,Wuhan Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Wuhan,Hubei 430024,China

Received:2024-11-21 Revised:2025-01-17 Published:2025-12-15
Contact: SHI Bin,Associate chief physician,E-mail：48203938@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析武汉市地铁集中空调通风系统风机柜送风微生物净化效率的影响因素,探索提高管道送风质量的技术方法。方法分析2019—2021年集中空调风机柜的送风微生物净化效率的影响因素,制定干预实验计划。2021—2023年,随机抽取武汉市新建地铁站32个集中空调通风系统,按1 ∶ 1比例分为实验组（冷凝水池进行水封）和对照组（冷凝水池不水封）,在集中空调通风系统正常运行条件下分别检测风机柜静电除菌器除菌前端、除菌后端、管道末端的出风微生物浓度。结果（1）2019—2021年3年间,风机柜送风细菌总数净化率分别为94.94%、95.56%和90.76%,净化前、后的送风细菌总数浓度水平差异均无统计学意义（χ²_净化前=3.304,χ²_净化后=4.405,均P>0.05）,净化率差异也无统计学意义（χ²=2.673,P>0.05）;风机柜送风真菌总数净化率分别为94.89%、91.35%和88.35%,净化前、后的送风真菌总数浓度水平差异均有统计学意义（χ²_净化前=6.538,χ²_净化后=6.514,均P<0.05）,净化率差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.818,P>0.05）。2021年净化前、后的送风真菌总数浓度水平最高。（2）对照组与实验组,风机柜送风细菌总数净化率分别为93.80%和97.70%,净化前送风细菌总数浓度水平差异无统计学意义（Z=-0.339,P>0.05）,净化后送风细菌总数浓度水平差异有统计学意义（Z=-2.005,P<0.05）,净化率差异有统计学意义（Z=-2.828,P<0.05）,实验组净化后的送风细菌总数浓度更低;风机柜送风真菌总数净化率分别为89.25%和95.50%,净化前送风真菌总数浓度水平差异无统计学意义（Z=-1.753,P>0.05）,净化后送风真菌总数浓度水平差异有统计学意义（Z=-3.226,P<0.05）,净化率差异有统计学意义（Z=-2.789,P<0.05）,实验组净化后送风真菌总数浓度更低。（3）对照组与实验组集中空调管道末端,送风细菌总数浓度水平差异无统计学意义（Z=-1.008,P>0.05）,风口合格率分别为93.75%和100.00%;送风真菌总数浓度水平差异有统计学意义（Z=-3.989,P<0.05）,风口合格率分别为68.75%和93.75%,实验组集中空调管道末端送风真菌总数浓度水平更低。结论武汉市地铁集中空调静电除菌器对空气微生物净化率较为稳定,但净化后的微生物浓度水平受风源质量影响较大。集中式空调通风系统风机柜冷凝水池在水封状态下能够有效阻隔户外环境对风机柜的污染,提高管道送风质量。

关键词: 集中空调通风系统, 净化效率, 静电除菌器, 冷凝水池, 送风微生物

Abstract: Objective To analyze the influencing factors of microbial purification efficiency of the air supply cabinet in the centralized air conditioning ventilation system of Wuhan Metro,explore technical methods to improve the quality of pipeline air supply. Methods From 2021 to 2023,32 centralized air conditioning ventilation systems were randomly selected and divided into experimental group(condensate pool with water sealing) and control group(condensate pool without water sealing) according to 1 ∶ 1 ratio. Under normal operating conditions of the centralized air conditioning ventilation system,the microbial concentration was detected in the exhaust air of the electrostatic sterilizer at the front end,back end,and end of the pipeline of the wind turbine cabinet. Results (1)In the three years from 2019 to 2021,the purification rates of total bacterial count in the air supply of the air cabinet were 94.94%,95.56% and 90.76%,respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the concentration levels of total bacteria in the annual air supply before and after purification(χ²_{before purification}=3.304,χ²_{after purification}=4.405,all P>0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in purification rate(χ²=2.673,P>0.05). The purification rates of total fungi in the air supply of the air cabinet were 94.89%,91.35%,and 88.35%,respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the concentration levels of total fungi in the annual air supply before and after purification(χ²_{before purification}=6.538,χ²_{after purification}=6.514,all P<0.05),and there was no statistically significant difference in purification rate(χ²=1.818,P>0.05). The concentration level of total fungi in the air supply before and after purification was the highest in 2021.(2)In control group and experimental group,the purification rates of total bacterial in the air supply of the air cabinet were 93.80% and 97.70%,respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the concentration level of total bacteria in the air supply before purification(Z=-0.339,P>0.05), but there was a statistically significant difference in the concentration level of airborne total bacteria after purification(Z=-2.005,P<0.05),and the difference in purification rate was also statistically significant(Z=-2.828,P<0.05). The experimental group had a lower concentration of total bacteria in the air after purification. The purification rates of total fungi in the air supply of the air cabinet were 89.25% and 95.50%,respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the concentration level of total fungi in the air supply before purification(Z=-1.753,P>0.05),but there was a statistically significant difference in the concentration level of airborne total fungi after purification(Z=-3.226,P<0.05),and the difference in purification rate was also statistically significant(Z=-2.789,P<0.05). The experimental group had a lower concentration of total fungi in the air after purification.(3) There was no statistically significant difference in the concentration level of total bacteria in the air supply of the centralized air conditioning pipe end between control group and experimental group(Z=-1.008,P>0.05),and the qualified rates of air supply outlets were 93.75% and 100.00%,respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the concentration level of total fungi in the air supply(Z=-3.989,P<0.05),and the qualified rates of air supply outlets were 68.75% and 93.75%,respectively. The concentration level of air supply total fungi at the end of central air conditioning pipe was lower in experimental group. Conclusion The electrostatic sterilizer for centralized air conditioning in Wuhan Metro has a relatively stable purification efficiency for air microorganisms,but the concentration level of microorganisms after purification is greatly affected by the quality of the air source. The condensate pool of the centralized air conditioning and ventilation system fan cabinet can effectively block outdoor environmental pollution to the fan cabinet when in a water sealed state,and improve the quality of pipeline air supply.

Key words: Central air conditioning ventilation system, Purification efficiency, Electrostatic sterilizer, Condenser pool, Air supply microorganisms

中图分类号:

R126.4

陶懿, 石斌, 胡胜伟, 王怀记. 武汉市地铁集中空调通风系统送风微生物净化效率影响因素. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(21): 2982-2985.

TAO Yi, SHI Bin, HU Shengwei, WANG Huaiji. Influencing factors of microbial purification efficiency of air supply in metro central air conditioning ventilation system in Wuhan City. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(21): 2982-2985.

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