2014—2023年绵阳市涪城区疑似预防接种异常反应监测结果分析

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (22): 3104-3109.

2014—2023年绵阳市涪城区疑似预防接种异常反应监测结果分析

李陶

绵阳市涪城区疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,四川绵阳 621000

收稿日期:2025-01-02 修回日期:2025-03-01 发布日期:2025-12-15
作者简介:李陶,女,主管医师,主要从事免疫规划和疾病预防与控制工作。

Analysis of monitoring results of adverse events following immunization in Fucheng District of Mianyang City from 2014 to 2023

LI Tao

Department of Immunization Planning,Mianyang Fucheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Mianyang,Sichuan 621000,China

Received:2025-01-02 Revised:2025-03-01 Published:2025-12-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析2014—2023年绵阳市涪城区疑似预防接种异常反应（adverse events following immunization,AEFI）发生的流行特征,为绵阳市涪城区疫苗接种安全性评价提供科学依据。方法通过全国AEFI监测系统、四川省免疫规划信息管理系统和中国免疫规划信息管理系统收集整理2014—2023年绵阳市涪城区报告的监测个案和接种剂次数据,采用Excel 2010建立数据库,采用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行统计处理,计数资料用率表示,率的比较采用χ²检验,检验水准为α=0.05。结果 2014—2023年绵阳市涪城区共报告AEFI个案1 760例,无死亡报告,报告发生率为26.73/10万,报告发生率由2014年的25.60/10万上升到2023年的44.67/10万,年均增长6.38%,报告发生率呈上升趋势（χ²_趋势=67.859,P<0.01）;一般反应发生率为24.52/10万,异常反应发生率为1.44/10万;农村乡镇AEFI报告发生率高于城区街道（χ²=55.917,P<0.01）。报告发生时间存在季节聚集性发生高峰特征（r=0.215,P<0.01）,以5—8月报告病例较多。AEFI发生报告男女性别比为0.98 ∶ 1;AEFI发生年龄以0~<2岁组构成较高（51.82%）。结论 2014—2023年绵阳市涪城区AEFI报告以一般反应为主,而严重异常反应的发生率较低,疫苗接种安全性良好。但仍需加强对公众的健康教育,提升接种人员工作能力,加强AEFI监测并提高监测敏感性。

关键词: 预防接种, 异常反应, 监测结果

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of adverse events following immunization(AEFI) in Fucheng District of Mianyang City from 2014 to 2023,and provide scientific basis for the safety evaluation of vaccination in Fucheng District of Mianyang City. Methods The monitoring case and vaccination data reported in Fucheng District of Mianyang City from 2014 to 2023 were collected and organized through the National AEFI Monitoring System,Sichuan Provincial Immunization Planning Information Management System,and China Immunization Planning Information Management System. A database was established using Excel 2010,and SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for statistical processing. The count data was expressed in rate,and the rate comparison was conducted using χ² test,α=0.05. Results From 2014 to 2023,a total of 1 760 AEFI cases were reported in Fucheng District of Mianyang City,with no deaths reported. The reported incidence rate was 26.73/100 000,increasing from 25.60/100 000 in 2014 to 44.67/100 000 in 2023,with an average annual growth rate of 6.38%. The reported incidence rate showed an upward trend(χ²_trend=67.859,P<0.01). The incidence rate of general reactions was 24.52/100 000,and the incidence rate of abnormal reactions was 1.44/100 000. The reported incidence rate of AEFI in rural townships was higher than that in urban streets(χ²=55.917,P<0.01). The reporting time showed seasonal clustering characteristics with peaks(r=0.215,P<0.01),and more cases were reported from May to August. The male-to-female ratio of reported AEFI cases was 0.98∶1. The age group with the highest incidence of AEFI was 0-<2 years old,accounting for 51.82% of the cases. Conclusion The AEFI reports in Fucheng District of Mianyang City from 2014 to 2023 mainly focuses on general reactions,while the incidence of severe abnormal reactions was relatively low,reflecting good vaccine safety. However,it is still necessary to strengthen public health education,enhance the work ability of vaccination personnel,strengthen monitoring and improve monitoring sensitivity.

Key words: Vaccination, Abnormal reactions, Monitoring results

中图分类号:

R186

李陶. 2014—2023年绵阳市涪城区疑似预防接种异常反应监测结果分析. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(22): 3104-3109.

LI Tao. Analysis of monitoring results of adverse events following immunization in Fucheng District of Mianyang City from 2014 to 2023. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(22): 3104-3109.

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