中医护士职业性肌肉骨骼疾患状况及影响因素分析

职业与健康 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 870-876.

中医护士职业性肌肉骨骼疾患状况及影响因素分析

黄裕韬¹, 张焱皓¹, 赖锦佳¹, 卢咏梅¹, 雷丽芳²

1.广州中医药大学护理学院,广东广州 510006;
2.广州中医药大学第二附属医院大院针灸科,广东广州 510000

收稿日期:2024-07-04 修回日期:2024-07-25 出版日期:2025-04-01 发布日期:2025-12-17
通信作者: 雷丽芳,主任护师,E-mail：langlangyun@126.com
作者简介:黄裕韬,男,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为中医护理。

Analysis on status and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in traditional Chinese medicine nurses

HUANG Yutao¹, ZHANG Yanhao¹, LAI Jinjia¹, LU Yongmei¹, LEI Lifang²

1. School of Nursing,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510006,China;
2. Department of Acupuncture,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guanghou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510000,China

Received:2024-07-04 Revised:2024-07-25 Online:2025-04-01 Published:2025-12-17
Contact: LEI Lifang,Chief nurse,E-mail：langlangyun@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解中医护士职业性肌肉骨骼疾患（work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WRMSDs）的患病率及影响因素。方法 2023年9月采用便利抽样方法,选择广东省、湖北省和广西壮族自治区等地18家三级甲等医院542名中医护士为研究对象,使用《肌肉骨骼疾患调查表》调查其WRMSDs患病率及影响因素,并对数据进行分析。结果 542名中医护士WRMSDs年患病率为96.49%,其中,腰部（75.65%）、颈部（72.51%）、肩部（66.61%）为WRMSDs患病高发部位,两部位共患WRMSDs最多的为肩部和腰部,患病率为57.56%。进行艾灸操作、长时间坐位工作、工作中常以上臂、手指每分钟多次做同一动作、工作长时间同一姿势是肩部WRMSDs的危险因素（均P<0.05）;职称、体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）、长时间保持稍微转身姿势、工作时需要转身是腰部WRMSDs危险因素（均P<0.05）;工作长时间同一姿势是肩部和腰部同时患有WRMSDs的危险因素（P<0.05）;每月夜班频次>5次、脚底打滑或跌倒是肩部、腰部、肩部与腰部同时罹患WRMSDs的危险因素（均P<0.05）;工作每天都在变化是肩部WRMSDs的保护因素,自己决定工作开始和结束是腰部WRMSDs的保护因素（均P<0.05）。结论医院管理层应该重视改善中医护士的工作环境,护理管理者应该合理安排中医护士的工作班次,中医护士应该积极采取措施提升自身的身体素质。

关键词: 护士, 职业性肌肉骨骼肌疾患, 患病率, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WRMSDs） among traditional Chinese medicine nurses. Methods In September 2023,a convenience sampling method was used to select 542 traditional Chinese medicine nurses from 18 grade-A tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province,Hubei Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as the research subjects. The prevalence and influencing factors of WRMSDs were investigated using the "Musculoskeletal Disease Questionnaire",and the data were analyzed. Results The annual prevalence rate of WRMSDs among 542 Chinese medicine nurses was 96.49%. Among them,the low back（75.65%）,neck（72.51%）,and shoulder（66.61%） were the high-risk areas for WRMSDs. The prevalence of multi-site WRMSDs was in both the shoulder and low back and the prevalence was 57.56%. The risk factors for WRMSDs in the shoulders include performing moxibustion,ong-time sitting work,frequently performing the same action on the upper arm and fingers every minute,and working in the same posture for a long time（all P<0.05）. Professional title,body mass index（BMI）,maintaining a slight turning posture in long time and needing to turn while working were risk factors for low back WRMSDs（all P<0.05）. Working in the same position for a long time was a risk factor for WRMSDs in both the shoulders and low back（P<0.05）. The frequency of night shifts exceeding 5 times per month,as well as foot slippage or falls, were risk factors for WRMSDs in the shoulders,low back,and both shoulders and low back（all P<0.05）. The daily changes in work were protective factors for shoulder WRMSDs,while self-determined start and end of work were protective factors for low back WRMSDs（both P<0.05）. Conclusion Hospital management should pay attention to improving the working environment of traditional Chinese medicine nurses, nursing managers should schedule the work shifts of traditional Chinese medicine nurses reasonably,and traditional Chinese medicine nurses should actively take measures to enhance their physical fitness.

Key words: Nurses, Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, Prevalence, Influencing factors

中图分类号:

R181.3⁺1

黄裕韬, 张焱皓, 赖锦佳, 卢咏梅, 雷丽芳. 中医护士职业性肌肉骨骼疾患状况及影响因素分析. [J]职业与健康, 2025, 41(7): 870-876.

HUANG Yutao, ZHANG Yanhao, LAI Jinjia, LU Yongmei, LEI Lifang. Analysis on status and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in traditional Chinese medicine nurses. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2025, 41(7): 870-876.

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