职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 6-11.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

深圳市某区基层卫生工作者职业紧张现状调查及影响因素分析

王春香1, 丘鑫雄1, 甘嘉楠2   

  1. 1.深圳市龙岗区布吉公共卫生服务中心,广东 深圳 518112
    2.深圳市福田区园岭街道办事处公共卫生中心,广东 深圳 518028
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-23 修回日期:2025-04-02 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-02-03
  • 作者简介:王春香,女,副主任医师,主要从事职业卫生与职业病防治相关工作。
  • 基金资助:
    2022年深圳市龙岗区医疗卫生科技计划项目(LGWJ2022-112)

Investigation and analysis of occupational stress status and influencing factors among primary health workers in a district of Shenzhen City

WANG Chunxiang1, QIU Xinxiong1, GAN Jianan2   

  1. 1. Shenzhen Longgang District Buji Public Health Service Center,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518112,China
    2. Shenzhen Futian District Yuanling Subdistrict Office Public Health Center,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518028,China
  • Received:2025-03-23 Revised:2025-04-02 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-02-03

摘要:

目的 调查深圳市某区基层卫生工作者职业紧张现状,并进行影响因素分析,为针对性缓解职业紧张水平提供依据。方法 2024年8—12月采用分层随机抽样的方法,以该区基层卫生工作者为调查对象,通过职业紧张测量核心量表进行调查,并采用二元Logistic回归分析影响因素。结果 本研究共发放1 516份问卷,回收1 453份有效问卷,有效回收率为95.84%。调查对象职业紧张阳性254人,阳性率17.48%;职业紧张总得分为(43.17±9.12)分,其中社会支持、组织与回报、要求与付出及自主性维度得分分别为(9.72±3.95)、(15.27±5.15)、(11.91±3.67)和(6.25±1.89)分。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,不同性别、年龄、工龄、聘用性质、岗位类别、周工作时间、夜班、轮班、月均收入、婚姻状况、养育孩子数量及体育锻炼的基层卫生工作者职业紧张阳性检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,卫生技术人员岗位、周工作时间≥48 h/周、夜班及轮班作业均是发生职业紧张的危险因素(均P<0.05),月均收入≥12 000元和坚持体育锻炼≥1次/周均是发生职业紧张的保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论 该区基层卫生工作者职业紧张发生率较高,应针对性地开展干预措施,增加高付出员工的回报,减少长时间工作,给夜班和轮班的卫生工作者充分的休息恢复时间,同时加强人文关怀,倡导健康的生活方式。

关键词: 职业紧张, 基层卫生, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the occupational stress situation and analyze its influencing factors of primary health workers in a district of Shenzhen City,and to provide reference for targeted alleviation of occupational stress levels. Methods From August to December 2024,the stratified random sampling method was used to collect the primary health workers in the district. The survey was conducted using the core occupational stress scale(COSS),and binary Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results A total of 1 516 questionnaires were distributed in this study,and 1 453 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective response rate of 95.84%. There were 254 primary health workers reporting occupational stress in this survey,and the positive rate of stress was 17.48%.The total score for occupational stress was (43.17±9.12)points,with scores of (9.72±3.95),(15.27±5.15),(11.91±3.67) and (6.25±1.89)points for social support,organization and reward,demand and effort,and autonomy dimensions,respectively. The results of univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the positive detection rate of occupational stress among primary health workers of different genders,ages,years of service,employment nature,job category,weekly working hours,night shifts,shifts,monthly average income,marital status,number of children raised,and physical exercise(all P<0.05).The results of multiplelogistic regression analysis showed that position of health technicians,weekly working hours ≥48 hours,night shifts,and shift work were risk factors for occupational stress(all P<0.05). Monthly average income ≥12 000 yuan and adherence to physical exercise ≥1 time/week were protective factors for occupational stress(both P<0.05). Conclusion The primary health workers in a district of Shenzhen have a high incidence of occupational stress. Targeted intervention measures should be implemented to increase the return on investment for high paying employees,reduce long working hours,provide adequate rest and recovery time for night shift and rotating health workers,while strengthening humanistic care and advocating for a healthy lifestyle.

Key words: Occupational stress, Primary health workers, Influencing factors

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