职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 1323-1327.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

广州市黄埔区136家重点行业企业噪声危害特征及频谱分析

刘坤, 劳诗霈, 曹献磅, 许丹()   

  1. 广州市黄埔区疾病预防控制中心广东 广州 510700
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-29 修回日期:2025-10-13 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-06-02
  • 通信作者: 许丹
  • 作者简介:刘坤,男,主管医师,主要从事职业卫生与职业病防治工作。
  • 基金资助:
    第二批广东省医学科研基金指令性课题(C2019078)

Noise hazard characteristics and spectrum analysis of 136 key industry enterprises in Huangpu District of Guangzhou City

LIU Kun, LAO Shipei, CAO Xianbang, XU Dan()   

  1. Guangzhou Huangpu District Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhouGuangdong 510700, China
  • Received:2025-09-29 Revised:2025-10-13 Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-06-02
  • Contact: XU Dan
  • About author:XU Dan,E-mail:44246767@qq.com

摘要:

目的 分析广州市黄埔区重点行业噪声危害特征及不同行业间的频谱特点,为广州市黄埔区噪声危害治理提供科学依据。方法 采用判断抽样选取广州市黄埔区17个重点行业136家企业开展噪声检测,采用系统聚类进行噪声频谱分析。结果 136家企业的工作场所和工作岗位噪声强度[MP0~P100)]分别为81.5(56.7~117.8)和83.2(61.3~109.0)dB(A),超标率分别为28.57%(442/1 547)和34.78%(248/713),各重点行业间噪声超标率差异有统计学意义(工作场所:χ2=280.387,P<0.01;工作岗位:χ2=135.007,P<0.01)。超标岗位噪声作业Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级分别占18.09%、11.78%、3.65%和1.26%,各重点行业间噪声作业分级差异有统计学意义(H=134.311,P<0.01)。聚类分析分为3类,类别1包括电气机械和器材制造业等11个重点行业为中高频型噪声;类别2包括电力、热力生产和供应业等5个重点行业为中低频型噪声;类别3为文教、工美、体育和娱乐用品制造业为高频型噪声。结论 广州市黄埔区重点行业噪声危害主要是电气机械和器材制造业等6个重点行业;频谱特征呈现3种不同类型。建议针对不同频谱特征的噪声源采取科学有效的工程控制措施和噪声治理策略。

关键词: 重点行业, 噪声, 频谱特征, 聚类分析, 噪声分级

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the characteristics of noise hazards of key industries and the spectrum characteristics of different industries in Huangpu District of Guangzhou City,and provide scientific basis for the management of noise hazard in Huangpu District of Guangzhou City. Methods The 136 enterprises from 17 key industries in Huangpu District of Guangzhou City were selected as the research subjects using judgment sampling method,and hierarchical clustering was used for noise spectrum analysis. Results The noise intensity[MP0-P100)] of workplaces and work post of 136 enterprises was 81.5(56.7-117.8) and 83.2(61.3-109.0)dB(A),with the incidence of exceeding national standard for noise was 28.57%(442/1 547) and 34.78%(248/713),respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of exceeding national standard for noise among key industries(workplace: χ2=280.387,P<0.01;work post:χ2=135.007,P<0.01). The proportion of noise level Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ in exceeding the standard positions was 18.09%,11.78%,3.65% and 1.26%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant in the classification of noise operations among key industries(H=134.311,P<0.01). Cluster analysis was divided into three categories. Category 1 included 11 key industries such as electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing,which was medium and high frequency noise. Category 2 included 5 key industries such as power and heat production and supply industry,which was medium and low frequency noise. Category 3 was the cultural,handicraft,sports and recreational goods manufacturing,which was high-frequency noise. Conclusion The noise hazards of key industries in Huangpu District of Guangzhou City mainly exist in 6 key industries such as electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing. There were three different types of spectrum characteristics. Scientific and effective engineering control measures and noise control strategies should be adopted according to different spectral characteristics.

Key words: Key industries, Noise, Spectral characteristics, Cluster analysis, Noise level

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