关键词: 喷砂车间, 矽尘, 游离二氧化硅, 通风除尘, 噪声, 频谱分析

Abstract:

Objective To understand the type，level and distribution of occupational hazards in the production process of sandblasting workshop of a factory in Shaanxi Province，analyze the rationality of occupational disease prevention and control facilities，identify the critical control points and critical control measures of occupational hazards. Methods According to related national hygienic standards，methods including field occupational health investigation，occupational hazards detection，particle size and morphology analysis and noise spectrum analysis were applied in comprehensive detection and assessment in May 2025.Results The main occupational hazard factors in production process of sandblasting workshop were silica dust and noise.The dust detection results showed that the content of free silicon dioxide in sandblasting workshop was 42.6%，indicating that the dust produced by sandblasting was silica dust. The concentration of silica dust（total dust andrespirable dust） that sandblasting workers exposed were exceeding the standard. The noise detection results showed that the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level（L_Aeq） in sandblasting workshop reached to 113.5 and 91.8 dB（A），respectively，and sandblasting workers were exposed to a noise level of the normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal 8 h working day（L_{EX，8 h}） of 104.6 dB（A），making it a noise-exceeding position. Conclusion The occupational disease protective facilities installed in the sandblasting workshop of a factory in Shaanxi Province are ineffective，and the hazards of silicon dust and noise generated during the sandblasting process cannot be ignored. Practical and feasible protective measures such as ventilation，dust removal，and noise reduction should be taken to effectively protect critical control points.

Key words: Sandblasting workshop, Silica dust, Free silicon dioxide, Ventilation and dust removal, Noise, Spectrum analysis