职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1502-1505.

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天津市老年人膳食模式与认知功能障碍的关联性分析

解美秋, 李丹丹, 李威, 郑文龙, 薛晓丹()   

  1. 天津市疾病预防控制中心天津 300011
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-05 修回日期:2026-03-27 出版日期:2026-06-01 发布日期:2026-06-10
  • 通信作者: 薛晓丹,E-mail:xiaodantjcdc@163.com
  • 作者简介:解美秋,女,医师,主要从事营养与慢性病防控工作。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市卫生健康科技项目(TJWJ2023QN094);天津市医学重点学科建设(TJYXZDXK-3-034C);天津市卫生健康事业管理课题(DYKT2026042)

Correlation analysis between dietary patterns and cognitive impairment in the elderly in Tianjin City

XIE Meiqiu, LI Dandan, LI Wei, ZHENG Wenlong, XUE Xiaodan()   

  1. Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and PreventionTianjin 300011, China
  • Received:2026-02-05 Revised:2026-03-27 Online:2026-06-01 Published:2026-06-10
  • Contact: XUE Xiaodan,E-mail:xiaodantjcdc@163.com

摘要:

目的 了解天津市老年人群认知功能障碍的患病情况及其与膳食模式的关联,为认知功能障碍的预防提供膳食建议。方法 调查对象来自于2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测人群中在2024年再次调查期间≥60岁的1 473名老年人,采用因子分析法提取膳食模式,计算调查对象每个膳食模式的因子得分,并按照得分四分位数由低到高划分为4个水平(Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4),应用多因素Logistic回归分析认知功能障碍与膳食模式的关联。结果 1 473名调查对象中有认知功能障碍者154人(10.45%)。因子分析KMO检验结果为0.756,得到4种膳食模式:肉-水产品模式、薯豆菌藻模式、蔬菜水果蛋模式、谷薯模式。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,相较于Q1组,薯豆菌藻模式的Q3组和Q4组与认知功能障碍负相关,OR值分别为0.578(95%CI:0.354~0.944)和0.506(95%CI:0.305~0.837),蔬菜水果蛋模式与认知功能障碍存在负向关联(Q2:Q1,OR=0.579,95%CI:0.345~0.970)。结论 薯豆菌藻膳食模式与老年人认知障碍存在负相关,建议老年人增加对薯类、各类豆制品、菌菇、海带以及紫菜等食物的摄入。

关键词: 老年人, 认知功能障碍, 膳食模式, 关联性

Abstract:

Objective To explore the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly in Tianjin City and its association with dietary patterns,and to provide dietary suggestions for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction. Methods Study subjects were 1 473 elderly individuals aged ≥60 years who were re-surveyed in 2024,originating from the Tianjin subpopulation of the 2015 Surveillance of Chronic Diseases and Nutrition in Chinese Adults. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns,factor scores were calculated for each dietary pattern of the survey subjects,the scores were divided into four levels(Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) from low to high quartiles,and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between cognitive dysfunction and dietary patterns. Results A total of 1 473 subjects were included in this study,including 154(10.45%) with cognitive dysfunction,and the result of the factor analysis KMO test was 0.756,and four dietary patterns were obtained:meat-aquatic product mode,potato and bean algae mode,vegetable fruit and egg mode,and cereal and potato mode. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with the Q1 group,the Q3 and Q4 subgroups of the cereal and potato mode were negatively correlated with cognitive dysfunction,with OR of 0.578(95%CI:0.354-0.944) and 0.506(95%CI:0.305-0.837). The vegetable fruit and egg mode was also negatively correlated with cognitive dysfunction(Q2:Q1,OR=0.579,95%CI:0.345-0.970). Conclusion It is recommended that the elderly increase their intake of whole grains,potatoes,various soy products,mushrooms,kelp and seaweed.

Key words: Elderly population, Cognitive dysfunction, Dietary patterns, Relevance

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