苏州市医护人员时间贫困状况及其对工作意义感的负面影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解苏州市医护人员时间贫困状况及其对工作意义感的影响，并分析时间贫困通过降低内在目标和提高外在目标从而削弱工作意义感的中介机制。方法采用便利抽样法，2024年9月—2025年1月，对苏州市328名医护人员进行问卷调查。问卷包含时间贫困量表、内在目标量表、外在目标量表、工作意义感量表等，并对数据进行分析。结果 328名医护人员时间贫困均分为（3.94±1.68）分，内在目标均分为（5.45±0.81）分，外在目标均分为（4.41±1.06）分，工作意义感均分为（5.35±0.89）分。不同年龄、职位、职称等级、婚姻状况、工作地点、主观社会经济地位的医护人员的时间贫困得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。时间贫困与工作意义感呈负相关（r=-0.642，P<0.05），与内在目标呈负相关（r=-0.668，P<0.05），与外在目标呈正相关（r=0.273，P<0.05）。时间贫困对工作意义感的直接效应为-0.390（P<0.05），内在目标在时间贫困与工作意义感之间起部分中介作用，中介效应值为-0.166（P<0.05），占总效应的29.49%。结论苏州市医护人员的时间贫困会直接降低工作意义感，还主要通过降低内在目标进一步削弱其工作意义感。因此，提升医护人员的时间规划、促进其内在目标的建立，有助于缓解医护人员时间贫困对工作意义感的负面影响。

关键词: 医护人员, 时间贫困, 内在目标, 外在目标, 工作意义感, 中介效应

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the status of time poverty among medical and nursing staff in Suzhou City and its impact on their sense of work meaning，as well as to analyze the mediating mechanism of time poverty weakening their sense of work meaning by reducing intrinsic goals and increasing extrinsic goals. Methods A convenience sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey among 328 medical and nursing staff in Suzhou City from September 2024 to January 2025. The questionnaire included a time poverty scale，an intrinsic goals scale，an extrinsic goals scale，and a work meaning scale，and the data were analyzed. Results The average score for time poverty among 328 medical and nursing staff was （3.94±1.68）points，the average score for intrinsic goals was （5.45±0.81）points，the average score for extrinsic goals was （4.41±1.06）points，and the average score for work meaning was （5.35±0.89）points. There were statistically significant differences in the scores of time poverty among medical and nursing staff with different age，positions，professional titles，marital statuses，work locations，and subjective socioeconomic statuses（all P<0.05）. Time poverty was significantly negatively correlated with work meaning and intrinsic goals（r=-0.642，-0.668， both P<0.05），and positively correlated with extrinsic goals（r=0.273，P<0.05）. The direct effect of time poverty on work meaning was -0.390（P<0.05），and intrinsic goals partially mediated between time poverty and work meaning，with a mediation effect value of -0.166（P<0.05），accounting for 29.49% of the total effect. Conclusion Time poverty among medical and nursing staff not only directly diminishes their sense of work meaning but also indirectly weakens it by reducing intrinsic goals. Therefore，enhancing time management and fostering the establishment of intrinsic goals among medical and nursing staff may help mitigate the adverse impact of time poverty on work meaning.

Key words: Medical and nursing staff, Time poverty, Intrinsic goals, Extrinsic goals, Work meaning, Mediation effect

中图分类号:

R181.31

朱丽娟, 熊美娟. 苏州市医护人员时间贫困状况及其对工作意义感的负面影响. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(11): 1534-1538.

ZHU Lijuan, XIONG Meijuan. Time poverty status of medical and nursing staff in Suzhou City and its negative impact on their sense of work meaning. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(11): 1534-1538.

图/表 5

参考文献 26

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项目	条目	最低分	最高分	总分	条目均分
时间贫困	9	11.00	59.00	35.44±15.15	3.94±1.68
内在目标	3	9.00	21.00	16.35±2.43	5.45±0.81
外在目标	3	4.00	20.00	13.23±3.18	4.41±1.06
工作意义感	6	13.00	42.00	32.09±5.36	5.35±0.89

项目	条目	最低分	最高分	总分	条目均分
时间贫困	9	11.00	59.00	35.44±15.15	3.94±1.68
内在目标	3	9.00	21.00	16.35±2.43	5.45±0.81
外在目标	3	4.00	20.00	13.23±3.18	4.41±1.06
工作意义感	6	13.00	42.00	32.09±5.36	5.35±0.89

项目	人数	时间贫困	内在目标	外在目标	工作意义感
性别
男	108	3.97±1.73	5.44±0.83	4.38±1.06	5.35±0.81
女	220	3.92±1.66	5.46±0.80	4.43±1.06	5.35±0.93
t值		0.242	-0.219	-0.345	0.068
P		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
年龄（岁）
0~<30	50	4.70±1.40	5.24±0.73	4.56±1.04	4.85±0.99
30~<40	211	3.76±1.76	5.50±0.84	4.36±1.08	5.44±0.91
≥40	67	3.92±1.50	5.45±0.76	4.46±1.02	5.42±0.60
F值		6.433	2.066	0.785	9.562
P		<0.05	>0.05	>0.05	<0.05
最高学历
本科及以下	58	4.02±1.66	5.38±0.83	4.54±0.88	5.19±0.98
硕士	135	3.82±1.75	5.51±0.81	4.40±1.16	5.47±0.89
博士及以上	135	3.99±1.65	5.43±0.80	4.36±1.04	5.31±0.86
F值		0.889	0.802	0.387	1.711
P		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
职位
医生	215	3.78±1.69	5.51±0.81	4.38±1.07	5.42±0.82
护士	113	4.24±1.65	5.33±0.80	4.47±1.05	5.21±1.01
t值		-2.332	1.987	-0.747	1.862
P		<0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05
职称等级
初级	143	5.25±1.05	5.00±0.69	4.62±0.92	4.86±0.83
中级	141	3.06±1.28	5.74±0.73	4.38±0.99	5.62±0.73
高级	44	2.48±1.46	5.96±0.70	3.84±1.44	6.06±0.72
F值		153.184	52.546	9.776	55.496
P		<0.05	<0.05	<0.05	<0.05
工作地点
乡镇	138	3.65±1.69	5.49±0.80	4.43±1.08	5.34±0.98
城市	190	4.15±1.65	5.42±0.82	4.39±1.05	5.35±0.83
t值		-2.652	0.739	0.337	-0.096
P		<0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
婚姻状况
未婚	93	4.23±1.59	5.36±0.74	4.39±1.06	5.05±1.01
已婚	235	3.82±1.71	5.48±0.83	4.42±1.06	5.47±0.81
t值		2.061	-1.290	0.224	-3.887
P		<0.05	>0.05	>0.05	<0.05
主观社会经济地位
较低	27	4.68±1.71	5.10±0.97	4.84±0.76	4.56±1.12
一般	232	4.00±1.64	5.40±0.78	4.37±1.08	5.34±0.85
较高	69	3.46±1.72	5.74±0.76	4.40±1.06	5.69±0.74
F值		5.741	7.635	2.460	17.102
P		<0.05	<0.05	>0.05	<0.05

项目	人数	时间贫困	内在目标	外在目标	工作意义感
性别
男	108	3.97±1.73	5.44±0.83	4.38±1.06	5.35±0.81
女	220	3.92±1.66	5.46±0.80	4.43±1.06	5.35±0.93
t值		0.242	-0.219	-0.345	0.068
P		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
年龄（岁）
0~<30	50	4.70±1.40	5.24±0.73	4.56±1.04	4.85±0.99
30~<40	211	3.76±1.76	5.50±0.84	4.36±1.08	5.44±0.91
≥40	67	3.92±1.50	5.45±0.76	4.46±1.02	5.42±0.60
F值		6.433	2.066	0.785	9.562
P		<0.05	>0.05	>0.05	<0.05
最高学历
本科及以下	58	4.02±1.66	5.38±0.83	4.54±0.88	5.19±0.98
硕士	135	3.82±1.75	5.51±0.81	4.40±1.16	5.47±0.89
博士及以上	135	3.99±1.65	5.43±0.80	4.36±1.04	5.31±0.86
F值		0.889	0.802	0.387	1.711
P		>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
职位
医生	215	3.78±1.69	5.51±0.81	4.38±1.07	5.42±0.82
护士	113	4.24±1.65	5.33±0.80	4.47±1.05	5.21±1.01
t值		-2.332	1.987	-0.747	1.862
P		<0.05	<0.05	>0.05	>0.05
职称等级
初级	143	5.25±1.05	5.00±0.69	4.62±0.92	4.86±0.83
中级	141	3.06±1.28	5.74±0.73	4.38±0.99	5.62±0.73
高级	44	2.48±1.46	5.96±0.70	3.84±1.44	6.06±0.72
F值		153.184	52.546	9.776	55.496
P		<0.05	<0.05	<0.05	<0.05
工作地点
乡镇	138	3.65±1.69	5.49±0.80	4.43±1.08	5.34±0.98
城市	190	4.15±1.65	5.42±0.82	4.39±1.05	5.35±0.83
t值		-2.652	0.739	0.337	-0.096
P		<0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
婚姻状况
未婚	93	4.23±1.59	5.36±0.74	4.39±1.06	5.05±1.01
已婚	235	3.82±1.71	5.48±0.83	4.42±1.06	5.47±0.81
t值		2.061	-1.290	0.224	-3.887
P		<0.05	>0.05	>0.05	<0.05
主观社会经济地位
较低	27	4.68±1.71	5.10±0.97	4.84±0.76	4.56±1.12
一般	232	4.00±1.64	5.40±0.78	4.37±1.08	5.34±0.85
较高	69	3.46±1.72	5.74±0.76	4.40±1.06	5.69±0.74
F值		5.741	7.635	2.460	17.102
P		<0.05	<0.05	>0.05	<0.05

项目	时间贫困	内在目标	外在目标	工作意义感
时间贫困	1.000
内在目标	-0.668^a	1.000
外在目标	0.273^a	-0.120	1.000
工作意义感	-0.642^a	0.585^a	-0.188^a	1.000