职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1549-1553.

• 论著—学校卫生 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于学校的小学生空气污染健康宣教模式探讨及效果评价

韦丽1, 张艺1, 郭啓航2, 孙凤霞1, 龚兴1, 熊丽林1()   

  1. 1 南京市疾病预防控制中心江苏 南京 210003
    2 南京江北新区公共卫生服务中心江苏 南京 210044
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-07 修回日期:2025-08-18 出版日期:2026-06-01 发布日期:2026-06-10
  • 通信作者: 熊丽林,E-mail:hzxionglilin@163.com
  • 作者简介:韦丽,女,主管医师,主要从事环境与健康工作。
  • 基金资助:
    南京市卫生科技发展项目(YKK23193)

Exploration and effect evaluation of school-based health education models on air pollution for primary school students

WEI Li1, ZHANG Yi1, GUO Qihang2, SUN Fengxia1, GONG Xing1, XIONG Lilin1()   

  1. 1 Nanjing Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingJiangsu 210003, China
    2 Jiangbei New Area Center for Public Health ServicesNanjingJiangsu 210044, China
  • Received:2025-08-07 Revised:2025-08-18 Online:2026-06-01 Published:2026-06-10
  • Contact: XIONG Lilin,E-mail:hzxionglilin@163.com

摘要:

目的 了解南京市江北新区小学生空气污染健康知识知晓情况,开展健康宣教干预,并评价干预效果,为提高小学生的健康水平提供参考。方法 在2023年12月—2024年2月,采用多阶段整群抽样的方法,选取未开展过空气污染健康宣教的2所小学,开展三~五年级小学生空气污染健康知识知晓情况基线调查,并进行健康宣教干预,评价干预效果。结果 本研究共调查654名学生,其中三年级、四年级、五年级分别为275、218和161人。干预前三~五年级小学生总知晓率、基本知识、基本态度和基本行为与技能知晓率分别为56.42%(369/654)、42.05%(275/654)、64.53%(422/654)和47.55%(311/654),干预后分别为93.43%(611/654)、62.84%(411/654)、92.35%(604/654)和90.37%(591/654)。除四年级基本态度在干预前、后比较差异无统计学意义外(P>0.05),其他年级干预前、后的知晓率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),且均为干预后高于干预前。基本知识、基本态度、基本行为与技能之间两两比较,差异均呈正相关关系(均P<0.05),年级、父亲的文化程度、母亲的文化程度、平均家庭年收入及参加空气污染健康宣教的频率与小学生空气污染健康知识知晓率均呈正相关关系(均P<0.05)。基本态度的中介效应对总效应的贡献率为2.18%。结论 南京市江北新区小学生空气污染健康知识干预后知晓率较高,高于干预前,影响因素有年级、父母的文化程度、平均家庭年收入及参加空气污染健康宣教的频率。

关键词: 小学生, 空气污染健康知识, 基本知识, 基本态度, 基本行为, 健康宣教干预, 知晓率

Abstract:

Objective To understand the awareness of health knowledge about air pollution among primary school students in Jiangbei New Area of Nanjing City,carry out health promotion intervention,and evaluate the effect of the intervention,so as to provide reference for improving the health level of primary school students. Methods From December 2023 to February 2024,the multistage cluster sampling method was used to select two primary schools that had not conducted air pollution health promotion. A baseline survey on the air pollution health knowledge for primary school students in grades 3-5 was conducted,while the health promotion interventions were carried out,and the effectiveness was evaluated. Results This study surveyed a total of 654 students,including 275 in grade 3,218 in grade 4,161 in grade 5. Before the intervention,the overall awareness rate,and the awareness rates of basic knowledge,basic attitudes,and basic behaviors and skills among primary school students in grades 3-5 were 56.42%(369/654),42.05%(275/654),64.53%(422/654) and 47.55%(311/654),respectively. After the intervention,these rates were 93.43%(611/654),62.84%(411/654),92.35%(604/654) and 90.37%(591/654),respectively. Among students of grade 4,the difference in the awareness rate of basic attitudes was not statistically significant between before and after the intervention(P>0.05). Among students of other grades,there were statistically significant differences in the awareness rates between before and after the intervention(all P<0.05),with post-intervention scores being higher than pre-intervention scores. There were positive correlations between the awareness rates of basic knowledge,basic attitudes,and basic behaviors and skills(all P<0.05). The grade level,father's education level,mother's education level,average annual family income,and the frequency of participation in health education on air pollution were positively correlated with the awareness rate of air pollution health knowledge among primary school students(all P<0.05). The mediating effect of basic attitudes contributed 2.18% to the total effect. Conclusions The awareness rate of air pollution health knowledge among primary school students in Jiangbei New Area of Nanjing City is relatively high,with higher rates after the intervention compared to before. The influencing factors include grade level,parents' education levels,average annual family income,and the frequency of participating in health education on air pollution.

Key words: Primary school students, Air pollution health knowledge, Basic knowledge, Basic attitudes, Basic behaviors, Health promotion intervention, Awareness rate

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