职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1559-1563.

• 论著—文献分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

2015—2025年我国青少年脊柱侧弯患病率及危险因素的Meta分析

王伟鸿1, 韩蕊2, 孙新瑶1, 王丹丹1, 齐金芳1   

  1. 1 沧州市人民医院河北 沧州 061100
    2 沧州职业技术学院武术学院河北 沧州 061100
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05 修回日期:2025-08-21 出版日期:2026-06-01 发布日期:2026-06-10
  • 作者简介:王伟鸿,男,主管技师,主要从事青少年脊柱侧弯预防与康复工作。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省卫健委重点研发指导项目(20200281);沧州市社会科学发展研究课题(2024177)

Meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors of adolescent scoliosis in China from 2015 to 2025

WANG Weihong1, HAN Rui2, SUN Xinyao1, WANG Dandan1, QI Jinfang1   

  1. 1 Cangzhou People's HospitalCangzhouHebei 061100, China
    2 Martial Arts AcademyCangzhou Technical College,CangzhouHebei 061100, China
  • Received:2025-08-05 Revised:2025-08-21 Online:2026-06-01 Published:2026-06-10

摘要:

目的 系统评估我国青少年脊柱侧弯的患病率,并分析其潜在危险因素,为早期筛查、预防及干预提供循证依据。方法 检索CNKI、万方、维普、CBM、Embase、PubMed、WOS等重要数据库,检索时间为2015年2月—2025年2月。选取符合入选标准年龄10~20岁的青少年为研究对象,所选研究包括队列研究、病例对照研究和横断面研究。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行数据分析,以汇总青少年脊柱侧弯的患病率,并分析脊柱侧弯的相关影响因素。为确保研究质量,通过使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(Newcastle-Ottawa scale,NOS)评分系统进行评价。结果 青少年脊柱侧弯患病率为3.7%。在青少年患脊柱侧弯的相关因素中,遗传史(OR=1.688,95%CI:1.382~2.075)、女性(OR=1.488,95%CI:1.263~1.766)、消瘦(OR=1.331, 95%CI:1.083~1.648)、活动姿势异常(OR=1.489,95%CI:1.272~1.758)、沉迷电子游戏(OR=1.633,95%CI:1.332~2.003)以及长时间坐姿学习(OR=1.266,95%CI:1.172~1.379)均提高了青少年患脊柱侧弯的风险,而超重或肥胖(OR=0.538,95%CI:0.437~0.663)和适当运动(OR=0.562,95%CI:0.468~0.684)降低了青少年患脊柱侧弯的风险。结论 我国青少年脊柱侧弯发生率处于较高水平,存在遗传史和沉迷电子游戏发生风险较高,并受多因素共同影响,社会应更加关注青少年脊柱健康情况,针对高风险青少年开展早期筛查,并通过运动干预、行为矫正和均衡膳食实施预防。

关键词: 青少年, 脊柱侧弯, 危险因素, Meta分析

Abstract:

Objective To systematically evaluate the prevalence of adolescent scoliosis in China,explore its potential risk factors,so as to provide evidence-based support for early screening,prevention,and intervention. Methods The important databases such as CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,Embase,PubMed,and WOS were searched,and retrieval time was from February 2015 to February 2025. The adolescents aged 10-20 years old who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the research subjects,and the selected studies included cohort studies,case-control studies,and cross-sectional studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis in this study,and the prevalence of adolescent scoliosis was summarized to explore the related influencing factors. To ensure the quality of the research,the Newcastle-Ottawa scale(NOS) was used for evaluation. Results The prevalence of adolescent scoliosis was 3.7%. Among the factors related to adolescent scoliosis,genetic history(OR=1.688,95%CI:1.382-2.075),female(OR=1.488, 95%CI:1.263-1.766),thinness(OR=1.331,95%CI:1.083-1.648),abnormal activity posture(OR=1.489,95%CI:1.272-1.758),electronic game addiction(OR=1.633,95%CI:1.332-2.003) and prolonged sitting posture of learning(OR=1.266,95%CI:1.172-1.379) all increased the risk of adolescent scoliosis,while overweight or obesity(OR=0.538,95%CI:0.437-0.663) and appropriate exercise(OR= 0.562,95%CI:0.468-0.684) reduced the risk of adolescent scoliosis. Conclusions The prevalence of adolescent scoliosis in China is at a relatively high level,with genetic history and electronic game addiction being the most significant risk factors,which is influenced by multiple factors together. Society should pay more attention to the spinal health of adolescents,carry out early screening for high-risk adolescents,and implement prevention through exercise intervention,behavior correction,and balanced diet.

Key words: Adolescent, Scoliosis, Risk factors, Meta-analysis

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