职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1654-1659.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020—2023年太原市适碘地区重点人群碘营养状况调查

柳静, 彭婷婷, 魏晓勇, 张晓佳, 李常青, 张萍()   

  1. 太原市疾病预防控制中心山西 太原 030032
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18 修回日期:2025-08-14 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 通信作者: 张萍,E-mail:pingzhang_1974@163.com
  • 作者简介:柳静,女,主任医师,主要从事地方病与寄生虫病防制工作。
  • 基金资助:
    太原市“六个一批”卫生健康人才能力提升专项行动2022年度科研项目(Y2022008);国家公共卫生人才支持项目

Survey on iodine nutrition level of key populations in iodine adequate area in Taiyuan City from 2020 to 2023

LIU Jing, PENG Tingting, WEI Xiaoyong, ZHANG Xiaojia, LI Changqing, ZHANG Ping()   

  1. Taiyuan Center for Disease Control and PreventionTaiyuanShanxi 030032, China
  • Received:2025-03-18 Revised:2025-08-14 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-18
  • Contact: ZHANG Ping,E-mail:pingzhang_1974@163.com

摘要:

目的 分析太原市水源性高碘地区周边适碘地区重点人群碘营养状况,为该类地区科学、精准补碘提供依据。方法 2020—2023年在太原市水源性高碘地区周边适碘地区,按行政村采集居民饮用水水样检测水碘含量,抽取100名8~10岁儿童采用B超法检查甲状腺肿大及结节情况(人数不足时扩大到6~12岁的儿童),并检测其中50名儿童以及20名孕妇(人数不足时,全部抽取)家中食用盐盐碘和随机尿碘含量。结果 太原市水源性高碘地区周边有45个适碘村,在32个适碘村进行人群调查,水碘中位数为76.6 μg/L,调查儿童1 941人,碘盐覆盖率为74.9%,合格碘盐食用率为69.5%,尿碘中位数为303.9 μg/L,甲状腺肿大率(甲肿率)为5.9%,甲状腺结节检出率为22.2%。调查孕妇180人,碘盐覆盖率为74.4%,合格碘盐食用率为68.3%,尿碘中位数为178.0 μg/L。碘盐组儿童尿碘中位数(317.7 μg/L)高于未加碘盐组儿童(281.0 μg/L),差异有统计学意义(Z=2.046,P<0.01),2组甲肿率为6.4%和4.5%、甲状腺结节检出率为23.8%和21.1%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.039、1.168,均P>0.05)。按水碘分层40~<70、70~100 μg/L分析,碘盐组儿童尿碘中位数为274.1和334.8 μg/L,均高于未加碘盐组(241.8和294.8 μg/L),水碘含量在40~<70 μg/L时,碘盐组儿童甲状腺结节检出率为27.9%,高于未加碘盐组(15.5%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。分层后2组儿童甲肿率为5.70%、2.70%和6.70%、5.10%,差异均无统计学意义(χ2=1.564、0.953,均P>0.05)。碘盐组孕妇与未加碘盐组孕妇的尿碘中位数为179.0和171.0 μg/L,按水碘分层孕妇尿碘中位数都处于适宜状态,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。儿童甲状腺肿大率、甲状腺结节检出率与盐碘、水碘及甲状腺结节检出率与尿碘均未见相关关系(均P>0.05),儿童甲状腺肿大率与尿碘呈正相关(r=0.068,P<0.01)。结论 太原市高碘地区周边适碘地区居民以食用碘盐为主,孕妇碘营养水平适宜,水碘40~<70 μg/L地区儿童无论是否食用碘盐,其碘营养均处于适宜状态,水碘70~100 μg/L地区碘盐组儿童已经达到碘过量水平。建议对于适碘地区的水碘、盐碘、重点人群尿碘及儿童甲状腺进行动态监测,根据水碘值、周边环境及重点人群碘营养的情况及时调整防控措施。

关键词: 适碘地区, 尿碘, 甲状腺, 儿童, 孕妇

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the iodine nutrition level of key populations in iodine adequate areas surrounding water-borne iodine excess areas in Taiyuan City,provide a basis for scientific and precise iodine supplementation in such areas. Methods In iodine adequate area surrounding water-borne iodine excess area in Taiyuan City from 2020 to 2023,the drinking water samples were collected from residents in each administrative village to test the iodine content in water. Totally 100 children aged 8-10 years old were selected to examine goiter and thyroid nodule by ultrasound B(if the number of participants is insufficient,the age range would be expanded 6-12 years old). And 50 children and 20 pregnant women(if the number is insufficient,all will be selected) were tested for their household salt iodine and random urine iodine content. Results There were 45 adequate iodine villages surrounding water-borne iodine excess areas in Taiyuan City. A population survey was conducted in 32 iodine adequate villages,the median water iodine content was 76.6 μg/L. Totally 1 941 children were surveyed,the coverage rate of iodized salt was 74.9%,the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 69.5%,the median urinary iodine concentration was 303.9 μg/L,the goiter rate was 5.9%,and thyroid nodule detection rate was 22.2%. Totally 180 pregnant women were surveyed,the coverage rate of iodized salt was 74.4%,the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 68.3%,and the median urinary iodine concentration was 178.0 μg/L. Among children in the iodized salt group,the median urinary iodine concentration(317.7 μg/L) was higher than that among children in the non-iodized salt group(281.0 μg/L),the difference was statistically significant(Z=2.046,P<0.01). The goiter rates in two groups were 6.4% and 4.5% respectively,the thyroid nodule detection rates were 23.8% and 21.1% respectively,and the differences were not statistically significant(χ2=2.039,1.168,both P>0.05). The analysis was performed based on stratifying water iodine levels(40-<70,70-100 μg/L),the median urinary iodine concentration among children in iodized salt group was 274.1 and 334.8 μg/L,which were higher than those in non-iodized salt group(241.8 and 294.8 μg/L). When the water iodine content was 40-<70 μg/L,the thyroid nodule detection rate(27.9%) of children from the iodized salt group was higher than that in children from the non-iodized salt group(15.5%),all differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01).After stratification,the goiter rates of children in two groups were 5.70%,2.70% and 6.70%,5.10%,respectively,and the differences were not statistically significant(χ2=1.564,0.953,both P>0.05). The median urinary iodine concentrations of pregnant women in the iodized salt group and the non-iodized salt group were 179.0 and 171.0 μg/L. According to the water iodine stratification,the median urinary iodine of pregnant women was in an appropriate state,and the differences were not statistically significant(all P>0.05). No correlation was observed among the goiter rate or thyroid nodule detection rate in children with salt iodine and water iodine,and no correlation was observed between thyroid nodule detection rate and urine iodine level(all P>0.05). There was correlation among the goiter rate in children with urine iodine level(r=0.068,P<0.01). Conclusions The residents in iodine adequate area surrounding water-borne iodine excess area in Taiyuan City primarily consume iodized salt,and the iodine nutrition level of pregnant women is adequate. The children in areas with iodine levels of 40-<70 μg/L,regardless of whether they consume iodized salt or not,have appropriate iodine nutrition. The children in the iodized salt group in areas with iodine levels of 70-100 μg/L have reached iodine excess level. It is recommended to dynamically monitor the iodine content in water and salt,urinary iodine levels in key populations,and thyroid health of children in iodine adequate areas,adjust prevention and control measures in time based on the water iodine content,surrounding environment,and iodine nutrition level of key populations.

Key words: Iodine adequate area, Urinary iodine, Thyroid, Children, Pregnant women

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