职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (15): 2022-2026.

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

1983—2023年天津市某区职业性尘肺病患者生存分析

黄真, 张炳旭, 赵春蕾   

  1. 天津市滨海新区疾病预防控制中心(天津市滨海新区卫生监督所)天津 300451
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-17 修回日期:2025-11-27 出版日期:2026-08-01 发布日期:2026-07-16
  • 作者简介:黄真,女,主管医师,主要从事职业病防控工作。

Survival analysis of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in a district of Tianjin City from 1983 to 2023

HUANG Zhen, ZHANG Bingxu, ZHAO Chunlei   

  1. Tianjin Binhai New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Binhai New Area Health Supervision Institute)Tianjin 300451, China
  • Received:2025-09-17 Revised:2025-11-27 Online:2026-08-01 Published:2026-07-16

摘要:

目的 了解1983—2023年天津市某区职业性尘肺病患者的生存情况及危险因素,为制定尘肺病防治对策提供依据。方法 通过尘肺病随访管理系统与死因库数据获取1983—2023年天津市某区360例职业性尘肺病患者的生存信息,采用Joinpoint回归分析病例数变化趋势及年度变化百分比(annual percentage change,APC),寿命表法计算观察生存率,Kaplan-Meier法比较各组生存曲线,COX比例风险模型评估影响因素。结果 1983—2019年天津市某区职业性尘肺病患者病例数呈上升趋势(APC=5.45%,P<0.05),2019—2023年呈下降趋势(APC=-51.41%,P<0.05)。患者中位生存时间为155个月。按以下因素分层的尘肺病患者,生存曲线差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),工伤保险状况(有/无)、尘肺类型(矽肺/其他类型尘肺病)、合并症(有/无)和首诊年龄(≥60、50~<60、40~<50、0~<40岁)。多因素COX比例风险模型显示,无工伤保险病例死亡风险是有工伤保险的3.766倍;首诊年龄40~<50、50~<60与≥60岁组死亡风险分别为首诊年龄0~<40岁组的4.174、8.641及63.625倍;有合并症患者的死亡风险是无并发症组的2.888倍。结论 尘肺病患者生存时间受首诊年龄、合并症和是否有工伤保险因素影响,早诊早治及对高龄接尘人群的职业健康监护尤为重要。

关键词: 职业性尘肺病, 生存分析, COX比例风险回归模型, Kaplan-Meier法, 发病趋势

Abstract:

Objective To understand the survival status and risk factors of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in a district of Tianjin City from 1983 to 2023,providing a basis for formulating pneumoconiosis prevention and control strategies. Methods Survival data for 360 occupational pneumoconiosis patients in a district of Tianjin City from 1983 to 2023 were obtained through the pneumoconiosis follow-up management system and the cause-of-death database. Joinpoint regression analysis analyze trends in case numbers and annual percentage changes(APC). The survival rate was calculated using the life table method,the Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the survival curves of each group,and the COX proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the influencing factors. Results From 1983 to 2019,the number of occupational pneumoconiosis cases in a district of Tianjin City showed an increasing trend(APC=5.45%,P<0.05),while from 2019 to 2023,it exhibited a decreasing trend(APC=-51.41%,P<0.05). The median survival time for patients was 155 months. The survival curves of pneumoconiosis patients stratified by the following factors showed statistically significant differences(all P<0.05):work injury insurance status(presence/absence),pneumoconiosis type(silicosis/other types),complications(presence/absence),and age at initial diagnosis(≥60,50-<60,40-<50,0-<40 years). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that patients without work injury insurance had a 3.766 fold higher risk of death compared to those with insurance,the mortality risk for patients aged 40-<50,50-<60,and ≥60 years at initial diagnosis was 4.174, 8.641,and 63.625 fold higher,respectively,compared to those aged 0-<40 years at initial diagnosis,patients with complications had a mortality risk 2.888 times higher than those without complications. Conclusion The survival time of pneumoconiosis patients is influenced by the age at initial diagnosis,comorbidities,and the presence of workers' compensation insurance. Early diagnosis and treatment,along with occupational health surveillance for elderly dust-exposed workers,are particularly crucial.

Key words: Occupational pneumoconiosis, Survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards model, Kaplan-Meier method, Incidence trend

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