职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (16): 2178-2183.

• 论著—职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄金珠宝首饰制造企业作业人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患影响因素分析

黄智峰   

  1. 深圳市龙岗区横岗公共卫生服务中心广东 深圳 518000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-14 修回日期:2025-09-07 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-10
  • 作者简介:黄智峰,男,主管医师,主要从事职业卫生监督工作。
  • 基金资助:
    深圳市龙岗区医疗卫生科技计划项目(LGWJ2025-132)

Analysis of influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in gold and jewelry manufacturing enterprises

HUANG Zhifeng   

  1. Shenzhen Longgang District Henggang Public Health Service CenterShenzhenGuangdong 518000, China
  • Received:2025-06-14 Revised:2025-09-07 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-10

摘要:

目的 分析黄金珠宝首饰制造企业作业人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs)发生情况、分布特征及其影响因素,从而为预防控制WMSDs提供依据。方法 采用方便抽样方法,2024年10月选择深圳市黄金珠宝首饰制造企业的293名工作人员为调查对象,采用修订版《肌肉骨骼疾患问卷》调查其过去1年身体各部位WMSDs患病情况,并对数据进行分析。结果 黄金珠宝首饰制造企业作业人员各部位WMSDs发生率由高到低依次为颈部49.8%(146/293)、肩部45.7%(134/293)、腰部44.0%(129/293)、上背部29.4%(86/293)、手腕25.3%(74/293)、臀/大腿部14.0%(41/293)、肘部13.3%(39/293),膝/小腿11.9%(35/293)、足踝部10.6%(31/293)。肩部WMSDs发生率较高的岗位为织链岗位(70.6%)和抛光岗位(63.6%),上背WMSDs发生率较高的岗位为抛光岗位(63.6%),腰部WMSDs发生率较高的岗位为喷砂岗位(75%)和织链岗位(70.6%),手腕WMSDs发生率较高的岗位为织链岗位(50.0%)。颈部发生WMSDs的影响因素包括休息时间充足(OR=0.401,P<0.01)和有定期锻炼(每次持续20 min以上)(OR=0.704,P<0.05),肩部发生WMSDs的影响因素包括每天几乎从事同样的工作(OR=2.123,P<0.05)、工作和同事轮流完成(OR=0.569,P<0.05),腰部发生WMSDs的影响因素包括每天几乎从事同样的工作(OR=2.573,P<0.05)、休息时间充足(OR=0.513,P<0.05)和桌子高度可以调节(OR=0.449,P<0.05)。结论 黄金珠宝首饰制造企业作业人员WMSDs发生率较高,不同岗位作业人员WMSDs发生部位有所不同。作业人员以颈部、肩部、腰部较为常见,其影响因素主要为定期锻炼、工效学因素(桌子高度可以调节)和工作组织。

关键词: 肌肉骨骼疾患, 黄金珠宝首饰制造企业, 颈部, 肩部, 腰部, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the prevalence,distribution characteristics,and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) among workers in gold and jewelry manufacturing enterprises,thereby providing evidence for the prevention and control of WMSDs. Methods A convenient sampling method was adopted to select 293 workers from gold and jewelry manufacturing enterprises in Shenzhen as study subjects in October 2024. The revised musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of WMSDs in different body regions over the past year,and the data were analyzed. Results The overall prevalence of WMSDs among workers was ranked in descending order:neck(49.8%,146/293),shoulder(45.7%,134/293),lower back(44.0%,129/293),upper back(29.4%,86/293),wrist(25.3%,74/293),hip/thigh(14.0%,41/293),elbow(13.3%,39/293),knee/lower leg(11.9%,35/293),and ankle(10.6%,31/293). Higher prevalence rates of WMSDs were observed for specific positions:shoulder WMSDs in chain weaving positions(70.6%) and polishing positions(63.6%),upper back WMSDs in polishing positions(63.6%),lower back WMSDs in sandblasting positions(75.0%) and chain weaving positions(70.6%),and wrist WMSDs in chain weaving positions(50.0%). The influencing factors for the occurrence of WMSDs in the neck include sufficient rest time(OR=0.401,P<0.01) and regular exercise(≥20 minutes each time)(OR=0.704,P<0.05);The influencing factors for WMSDs in the shoulders include repetitive daily tasks(OR=2.123,P<0.05) and job rotation with coworkers(OR=0.569,P<0.05);The influencing factors for WMSDs in the lower back include repetitive tasks(OR=2.573,P<0.05),sufficient rest time(OR=0.513,P<0.05),and adjustable workstation height(OR=0.449,P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of WMSDs among workers in gold and jewellery manufacturing enterprises was relatively high,and WMSDs occur in different regions of the body in different positions. Neck,shoulder and lumbar regions are more common among workers and the main factors affecting the occurrence of WMSDs are regular exercise,ergonomic factors(adjustable table height) and work organization.

Key words: Musculoskeletal disorders, Gold and jewelry manufacturing enterprises, Neck, Shoulder, Lower back, Influencing factors

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