职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (16): 2224-2228.

• 论著—流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

2007—2021年中国20~64岁人群归因于职业噪声的听力损失疾病负担分析及预测

陈琳, 杨淼()   

  1. 亳州市人民医院安徽 亳州 236800
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-12 修回日期:2025-09-22 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-10
  • 通信作者: 杨淼,E-mail:174415907@qq.com
  • 作者简介:陈琳,女,副主任护师,主要从事健康管理工作。

Analysis and forecast of disease burden of hearing loss attributable to occupational noise among the population aged 20-64 in China from 2007 to 2021

CHEN Lin, YANG Miao()   

  1. The People's Hospital of BozhouBozhouAnhui 236800, China
  • Received:2025-08-12 Revised:2025-09-22 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-10
  • Contact: YANG Miao,E-mail:174415907@qq.com

摘要:

目的 分析2007—2021年中国职业噪声导致的听力损失伤残调整生命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)趋势变化,为下一步职业噪声损害防治提供数据参考。方法 选取2021年全球疾病负担数据库(GBD 2021)发布的全球与中国20~64岁人群归因于职业噪声的听力损失标化患病率、标化DALYs数据,计算估计年度变化百分比(estimatedannual percentage change,EAPC)及其95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)以比较疾病负担变化趋势。基于贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列(bayesian age-period-cohort,BAPC)模型分析职业噪声损失的标化DALYs变化趋势,同时预测2020—2030年疾病发展趋势。结果 2007—2021年,中国归因于职业噪声的听力损失标化患病率从24 471.01/10万人上升至25 252.67/10万人(EAPC=0.258%,P<0.05)、标化DALYs率从561.24/10万人上升至582.15/10万人(EAPC=0.326%,P<0.05),且增长幅度高于全球增长水平。BAPC模型分析显示,2007—2021年中国归因于职业噪声的听力损失风险随年龄增长而增加,女性高于男性,其中20~<25、30~<40岁人群DALYs率明显高于其他年龄人员;随周期队列的增加呈下降趋势,出生队列中1947—1951年出生人群疾病风险最高,男性RR值为2.062(95%CI:1.703~2.496),女性RR值为1.848(95%CI:1.489~2.294),但至2030年相关疾病负担预测值仍呈现增长趋势。结论 自2007年以来,中国在职业噪声防控方面的效果显著,但20~<25、30~<40岁的青年人群仍需要继续加强关注和保护。未来应从政府、企业、医院多个层面联合制定防控策略,持续改善职业噪声导致的听力损失疾病负担。

关键词: 职业噪声, 听力损失, 年龄-时期-队列模型, 流行特征, 全球疾病负担数据库

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the trend of disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) due to occupational noise-induced hearing loss in China from 2007 to 2021,providing data support for the next steps in occupational noise damage prevention and control. Methods Data on the age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates for hearing loss attributed to occupational noise among people aged 20 to 64 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) 2021 database for both global and Chinese populations. The estimated annual percentage change(EAPC) and its 95% confidence interval(CI) were calculated to assess trends in the disease burden. The Bayesian age-period-cohort(BAPC) model was used to analyze changes in age-standardized DALYs and to forecast disease trends from 2020 to 2030. Results From 2007 to 2021,the age-standardized prevalence of hearing loss attributed to occupational noise in China increased from 24 471.01 per 100 000 population to 25 252.67 per 100 000 population(EAPC= 0.258%,P<0.05). The age-standardized DALY rate also rose from 561.24 per 100,000 to 582.15 per 100,000(EAPC=0.326%,P<0.05),with a growth rate higher than the global average. The BAPC model indicated that the risk of occupational noise-induced hearing loss in China increased with age from 2007 to 2021,with females experiencing a higher risk than males. Notably,the DALYs rates were significantly higher among those aged 20-<25 and 30-<40 years. Although the period-cohort trend showed a general decline,individuals born between 1947 and 1951 faced the highest disease risk,with relative risk(RR) values of 2.062(95%CI:1.703-2.496) for men and 1.848(95%CI:1.489-2.294) for women. However,disease burden projections still indicate a rising trend through 2030. Conclusion Since 2007,China has made significant progress in the prevention and control of occupational noise-induced hearing loss. However,young adults aged 20-<25 and 30-<40 remain high-risk groups requiring continued attention and protection. Future efforts should focus on collaborative prevention strategies across government,enterprises,and healthcare institutions to further reduce the burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss.

Key words: Occupational noise, Hearing loss, BAPC model, Epidemiological characteristics, GBD

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