职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (16): 2279-2283.

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

天津市部分铅作业工人血铅水平及职业健康状况分析

赵念梅, 王大宇(), 单宝荣   

  1. 天津市职业病防治院健康监护管理中心天津 300011
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-28 修回日期:2025-10-20 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-10
  • 通信作者: 王大宇,E-mail:w8366266@126.com
  • 作者简介:赵念梅,女,主管护师,主要从事职业健康检查工作。

Analysis of blood lead levels and occupational health status among some lead-exposed workers in Tianjin

ZHAO Nianmei, WANG Dayu(), SHAN Baorong   

  1. Health Monitoring Management CenterTianjin Occupational Diseases Precaution and Therapeutic HospitalTianjin 300011, China
  • Received:2025-04-28 Revised:2025-10-20 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-10
  • Contact: WANG Dayu,E-mail:w8366266@126.com

摘要:

目的 了解天津市铅作业工人的血铅水平及其职业健康状况,分析血铅浓度与性别、年龄和工龄等因素的关联,为职业健康监护提供参考依据。方法 选取2022年10月—2023年12月在天津市职业病防治院接受职业健康检查的1 022名铅作业工人为研究对象,依据GBZ 188—2014《职业健康监护技术规范》,进行血铅、血常规、尿常规、心电图等检查,并对数据进行分析。结果 男性血铅异常率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.231,P<0.01);工龄1~<10年组血铅异常率最高,组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.681,P<0.05);各年龄组组间血铅异常率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.433,P>0.05)。不同性别职业健康检查中,心电图、血红蛋白和尿常规异常率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=8.042、68.951、17.273,均P<0.05);白细胞异常率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.412,P>0.05)。结论 针对男性和工龄较短工人应加强防护措施,定期开展针对性检查,以降低铅中毒风险,保障职业健康权益。未来研究可进一步分析不同工种和环境铅浓度下的暴露水平差异。

关键词: 铅作业, 血铅水平, 职业健康, 性别差异, 工龄

Abstract:

Objective To understand blood lead levels and occupational health status of lead-exposed workers in Tianjin,and analyze their associations with gender,age,and work seniority,in order to provide a scientific basis for occupational health surveillance. Methods A total of 1 022 lead-exposed workers who underwent occupational health examinations at Tianjin Occupational Diseases Precaution and Therapeutic Hospital from October 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects. According to GBZ 188-2014 "Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Surveillance",blood lead,blood routine,urine routine,electrocardiogram and other examinations were conducted,and the data were analyzed. Results The abnormal rate of blood lead was higher in males than in females,with a statistically significant difference(χ2=20.231,P<0.01). The abnormal rate of blood lead was highest in the 1-<10 years of work experience,with a statistically significant difference between groups(χ2=11.681,P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the abnormal rate of blood lead between different age groups(χ2=5.433,P>0.05). In occupational health examinations of different genders,there were statistically significant differences in the abnormal rates of electrocardiogram,hemoglobin,and urine routine(χ2=8.042,68.951,17.273,all P<0.05); There was no statistically significant difference in the abnormal rate of white blood cells(χ2=1.412,P>0.05). Conclusion Protective measures should be strengthened for males and shorter-seniority workers,and targeted examinations should be conducted regularly to reduce the risk of lead poisoning and protect occupational health rights. Future research can further analyze the differences in exposure levels under different types of work and environmental lead concentrations.

Key words: Lead exposure, Blood lead levels, Occupational health, Gender differences, Work seniority

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