职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (18): 2479-2484.

• 论著——职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

芜湖市某黑色冶金制造企业职工职业紧张与睡眠障碍现状分析

李小平, 袁如乐   

  1. 芜湖市疾病预防控制中心安徽 芜湖 241000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05 修回日期:2025-12-30 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-08-28
  • 作者简介:李小平,女,主管医师,主要从事职业卫生工作。

Analysis of occupational stress and sleep disorders among workers in a ferrous metallurgical manufacturing enterprise in Wuhu City

LI Xiaoping, YUAN Rule   

  1. Wuhu Center for Disease Control and PreventionWuhuAnhui 241000, China
  • Received:2025-08-05 Revised:2025-12-30 Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-08-28

摘要:

目的 分析芜湖市某黑色冶金制造企业职工的职业紧张和睡眠障碍现状及相关影响因素,为职工职业紧张和睡眠障碍防控提供依据。方法 2025年5—6月,采用整群抽样方法选择芜湖市某企业846名职工为调查对象,使用简明职业紧张问卷、付出-回报失衡问卷及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表调查企业职工的工作需求-控制(job-demand control,JDC)模式职业紧张、付出-回报失衡(effort-reward imbalance,ERI)模式职业紧张及睡眠障碍现状,并对数据进行分析。结果 846名职工JDC模式职业紧张、ERI模式职业紧张和睡眠障碍检出率分别为48.23%(408/846)、45.98%(389/846)、41.37%(350/846)。ERI模式和JDC模式下,高度(有)职业紧张组人群睡眠障碍检出率高于低度(无)职业紧张组(P<0.05)。JDC 模式中,月收入5 000~<7 000元是职业紧张的影响因素(P<0.05);ERI模式中,大专及以上企业职工、重体力劳动和工龄均是职业紧张的影响因素(均P<0.05)。工作强度、JDC和ERI模式职业紧张、工龄和文化程度均是睡眠障碍的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 芜湖市某黑色冶金制造企业846名职工的职业紧张和睡眠障碍检出率较高,JDC模式月收入,ERI模式文化程度、工作强度和工龄是职业紧张的影响因素。文化程度、工龄、工作强度和职业紧张是睡眠障碍的影响因素。

关键词: 黑色冶金制造企业, 工作需求-控制模式职业紧张, 付出-回报失衡模式职业紧张, 睡眠障碍, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the status and related influencing factors of occupational stress and sleep disorders of workers in a ferrous metallurgical manufacturing enterprise in Wuhu City,and provide a basis for the prevention and control of occupational stress and sleep disturbances in staff. Methods From May to June 2025,a cluster sampling method was used to select 846 employees from an enterprise in Wuhu City as the study subjects. The concise occupational stress questionnaire,effort-reward imbalance(ERI) questionnaire,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) were employed to investigate the status of job-demand control(JDC) model occupational stress,effort-reward imbalance(ERI) model occupational stress,and sleep disorders among the enterprise employees,and the data were analyzed. Results The prevalence rates of JDC mode occupational stress,ERI mode occupational stress and sleep disorders were 48.23%(408/846),45.98%(389/846) and 41.37%(350/846),respectively. In ERI and JDC models,the prevalence of sleep disorders in the high occupational stress group was higher than that in the low occupational stress group(P<0.05). In the JDC model,monthly income of 5 000-<7 000 yuan was the influencing factor of occupational stress(P<0.05). In the ERI model,college and above enterprise workers,heavy physical labor and length of service were the influencing factors of occupational stress(all P<0.05). Work intensity,JDC and ERI mode,occupational stress,length of service and educational level were the influencing factors of sleep disorders(all P<0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of occupational stress and sleep disorders of 846 employees is high in a ferrous metallurgical manufacturing enterprise in Wuhu City. Monthly income of JDC model,education level of ERI model,work intensity and length of service are the influencing factors of occupational stress. Education level,length of service,work intensity and occupational stress are the influencing factors of sleep disorders.

Key words: Ferrous metallurgy manufacturing enterprise, Job-demand control model occupational stress, Effort-reward imbalance model occupational stress, Sleep disorders, Influencing factors

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