甲苯、二甲苯职业暴露致工人多系统健康损害的研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甲苯与二甲苯作为重要的有机溶剂与稀释剂，因其优异的溶解性，被广泛应用于化工、油漆、电子及家具制造等领域。在职业暴露环境中，这2种化合物可经呼吸道和皮肤吸收，对机体造成多系统损害性，本文系统综述其相关的职业健康危害与作用机制。研究表明，神经系统是其主要靶点，暴露可导致头痛、记忆力减退等神经衰弱综合征；血液毒性尤为显著，可能引发白细胞减少症乃至再生障碍性贫血；直接接触会刺激呼吸道黏膜，引发慢性炎症，并导致接触性皮炎与皮肤皲裂。近年研究还进一步揭示了其与高频听力损失、生殖内分泌紊乱以及肝肾功能障碍的关联，上述毒性作用的核心机制，公认涉及氧化应激、炎症反应、细胞凋亡及基因表达异常等途径。本文通过整合现有证据，旨在为完善职业健康监护体系、优化接触限值标准及探索靶向干预策略提供理论支撑。

关键词: 甲苯, 二甲苯, 呼吸系统, 神经系统, 血液系统, 听觉系统, 生殖系统

Abstract:

Toluene and xylene are important organic solvents and diluents，valued for their excellent solubility and widely used in the chemical，paint，electronics，and furniture manufacturing industries. In occupational exposure settings，these compounds can be absorbed into the body through the respiratory tract and skin，leading to multi-system toxicity. This article systematically reviews the associated occupational health hazards and their mechanisms of action. Research indicates that the nervous system is a primary target，with exposure potentially causing headaches，memory loss，and other symptoms of neurasthenic syndrome. The hematological toxicity is particularly notable，which may lead to leukopenia and even aplastic anemia. Direct contact can irritate the respiratory mucosa，cause chronic inflammation，and result in contact dermatitis and skin fissures. Recent studies have further established links between exposure to toluene and xylene and high-frequency hearing loss，reproductive endocrine disruptions，as well as liver and kidney dysfunction. The core mechanisms underlying these toxic effects are widely recognized to involve oxidative stress，inflammatory responses，apoptosis，and aberrant gene expression pathways. By integrating the current evidence，this review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for improving the occupational health surveillance system，optimizing exposure limit standards，and exploring targeted intervention strategies.

Key words: Toluene, Xylene, Respiratory system, Nervous system, Hematologic system, Auditory system, Reproductive system

中图分类号:

R135.1+2

王晶, 梁潇. 甲苯、二甲苯职业暴露致工人多系统健康损害的研究进展. [J]职业与健康, 2026, 42(18): 2580-2586.

WANG Jing, LIANG Xiao. Research progress on multi-system health damage in workers induced by occupational exposure to toluene and xylene. [J]OCCUPATION AND HEALTH, 2026, 42(18): 2580-2586.

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