职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 2613-2617.

• 论著——职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

综合指数法在黄磷制酸企业作业场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估中的应用

杨静1, 聂传丽1, 吴健华2, 包丽琴1(), 段平宁1, 黄吉1()   

  1. 1 广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院广西 南宁 530021
    2 广西中硕检测技术有限公司广西 南宁 530009
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-17 修回日期:2025-10-15 出版日期:2026-10-01 发布日期:2026-08-17
  • 通信作者: 黄吉,E-mail:15607300@qq.com;包丽琴,E-mail:2834125068@qq.com
  • 作者简介:杨静,女,副主任医师,主要从事职业卫生相关工作。
  • 基金资助:
    广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会科研项目(S2023051)

Application of comprehensive index method in occupational health risk assessment of chemical hazardous factors in the workplaces of phosphoric acid manufacturing enterprises from yellow phosphorus

YANG Jing1, NIE Chuanli1, WU Jianhua2, BAO Liqin1(), DUAN Pingning1, HUANG Ji1()   

  1. 1 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational DiseasesNanningGuangxi 530021, China
    2 Guangxi Zhongshuo Testing Technology Co.Ltd,NanningGuangxi 530009, China
  • Received:2025-06-17 Revised:2025-10-15 Online:2026-10-01 Published:2026-08-17
  • Contact: HUANG Ji,E-mail:15607300@qq.com;BAO Liqin,E-mail:2834125068@qq.com

摘要:

目的 了解防城港市某磷酸生产企业职业病危害因素分布及接触水平,准确预测其职业健康风险等级,为企业提供合理有效的职业病危害控制措施。方法 以广西防城港市某磷酸生产企业为研究对象,于2022年12月对其进行职业病危害现状评价,通过职业卫生现场调查收集化学有害因素的理化特性、毒理学特性等资料进行综合分析确定危险等级,职业卫生现场检测及实验室化验分析获得的化学有害因素接触浓度及接触指数来确定接触等级,并运用综合指数法进行职业健康风险评估。结果 该磷酸生产企业压滤机及五硫化二磷投料口的砷化氢风险指数为4,属于高风险水平;熔磷槽的黄磷,燃烧塔及水合塔的五氧化二磷、压滤机及五硫化二磷投料口的五硫化二磷、磷酸、五氧化二磷、硫化氢、砷及其化合物风险指数为3,属于中等风险水平;脱气槽、尾气吸收塔的硫化氢风险指数为2,属于低风险水平。结论 综合指数法可以全面了解企业职业病危害因素分布及接触水平,并准确评估企业的职业健康风险水平,为企业提出合理有效的职业病危害控制措施,从而降低企业的职业危害风险。

关键词: 综合指数法, 磷酸企业, 化学有害因素, 职业健康, 风险评估, 防城港市

Abstract:

Objective To understand the distribution and exposure levels of occupational disease hazard factors in a phosphate production enterprise in Fangchenggang City,accurately predict its occupational health risk level,and provide reasonable and effective occupational disease hazard control measures for the enterprise. Methods Taking a certain phosphoric acid production enterprise in Fangchenggang City of Guangxi as the research object,the current situation of occupational disease hazards was evaluated in December 2022. Through on-site investigations in occupational health,data on the physical and chemical properties and toxicological characteristics of chemical hazardous factors were collected for comprehensive analysis to determine the risk level. The exposure concentration and exposure index of chemical hazardous factors obtained through on-site detection in occupational health and laboratory analysis were used to determine the exposure level. Then,the comprehensive index method was used for occupational health risk assessment. Results The arsine risk index at the filter press and the phosphorus pentasulfide feeding port was 4,which was at a high-risk level. The risk index of yellow phosphorus in the phosphorus melting tank,phosphorus pentoxide in the combustion tower and hydration tower,phosphorus pentoxide,phosphoric acid,phosphorus pentoxide,hydrogen sulfide,arsenic and their compounds at the filter press and the phosphorus pentoxide feeding port was 3,which was at a medium risk level. The hydrogen sulfide risk index of the degassing tank and the tail gas absorption tower was 2,which was at a low-risk level. Conclusion The comprehensive index method can comprehensively understand the distribution and exposure level of occupational disease hazard factors in enterprises,accurately assess the occupational health risk level of enterprises,and propose reasonable and effective occupational disease hazard control measures for enterprises,thereby reducing the occupational hazard risks of enterprises.

Key words: Comprehensive index method, Phosphoric acid enterprise, Chemical harmful factors, Occupational health, Risk assessment, Fangchenggang City

中图分类号: