职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 2633-2637.

• 论著——职业卫生与职业相关疾病 • 上一篇    下一篇

2017—2024年汉中市新报告职业性尘肺病特征分析

夏小乐, 张志强, 徐敏()   

  1. 汉中市疾病预防控制中心陕西 汉中 723000
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-24 修回日期:2026-01-20 出版日期:2026-10-01 发布日期:2026-08-17
  • 通信作者: 徐敏,E-mail:952018405@qq.com
  • 作者简介:夏小乐,女,副主任医师,主要从事职业病防治工作。
  • 基金资助:
    2019年中央转移支付职业病防治项目(2019FFCZ3870)

Analysis of characteristics of newly reported occupational pneumoconiosis in Hanzhong City from 2017 to 2024

XIA Xiaole, ZHANG Zhiqiang, XU Min()   

  1. Hanzhong Center for Disease Control and PreventionHanzhongShaanxi 723000, China
  • Received:2025-10-24 Revised:2026-01-20 Online:2026-10-01 Published:2026-08-17
  • Contact: XU Min,E-mail:952018405@qq.com

摘要:

目的 了解汉中市新报告职业性尘肺病发病特征,为职业性尘肺病防治和监管工作提供科学依据。方法 收集2017—2024年由汉中市职业病诊断机构诊断的职业病病例资料,着重对尘肺病报告时间、尘肺类别、尘肺期别、劳动者接尘工龄、性别、年龄、所在地区、所属企业类型及企业规模分布等情况进行汇总分析。结果 2017—2024年汉中市新报告职业性尘肺病91例,主要为矽肺73例,占80.22%和煤工尘肺18例,占19.78%,尘肺壹期最多为41例,占45.05%,其次为尘肺贰期34例,占37.36%,尘肺叁期最少为16例,占17.58%,矽肺和煤工尘肺间不同期别构成差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.029,P<0.05),煤工尘肺的叁期比例远高于矽肺。病例均为男性,发病年龄以40~<60岁为主,86例,占94.51%;接尘工龄在5~<10年最多为33例,占36.26%,其次为2~<5年24例,占26.37%。矽肺主要分布在略阳县(68.49%),煤工尘肺主要集中在镇巴县(94.44%);行业主要集中在采矿业84例,占92.31%,经济类型以私有企业为主,84例,占92.30%,企业规模以小型企业最多为78例,占85.71%。不同尘肺病种与各工龄组、不同地区、不同经济类型企业比较,确切概率法差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),尘肺叁期与各县区、各经济类型企业之间的构成比较,确切概率法差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 汉中市职业性尘肺主要为矽肺和煤工尘肺,职业性尘肺病的发病特征之间存在差异性。应以略阳县、镇巴县为重点地区,加强对采矿业、小型、私有企业的监管力度,相关部门应落实企业的主体责任,有针对性地开展治理工作,降低职业性尘肺病的发生率。

关键词: 汉中市, 职业病报告, 新发尘肺病, 发病情况, 病例特征, 预防控制

Abstract:

Objective To understand the incidence characteristics of newly reported occupational pneumoconiosis in Hanzhong City from 2017 to 2024,and provide scientific basis for the prevention,control and supervision of occupational pneumoconiosis. Methods Collect data on occupational disease cases diagnosed by occupational disease diagnosis institutions in Hanzhong City from 2017 to 2024,with a focus on summarizing and analyzing the reporting time,pneumoconiosis type,pneumoconiosis period,dust-exposed working years,gender,age,location,type of enterprise,and distribution of enterprise scale. Results From 2017 to 2024,91 new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were reported in Hanzhong City,primarily silicosis(73 cases,80.22%) and coal worker's pneumoconiosis(18 cases,19.78%). Stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis was the most common(41 cases,45.05%),followed by stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis(34 cases,37.36%),with stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis being the least frequent(16 cases,17.58%). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of stages between silicosis and coal worker's pneumoconiosis(χ2=7.029,P<0.05),with the proportion of stage Ⅲ being significantly higher in coal worker's pneumoconiosis than in silicosis. All cases were male,and the age of onset was mainly 40-<60 years old(86 cases,94.51%). The most common incidence of the disease occurred within 5-<10 years of exposure to dust(33 cases,36.26%),followed by 2-<5 years(24 cases,26.37%). Silicosis was mainly distributed in Lueyang County(68.49%),while coal worker pneumoconiosis was mainly concentrated in Zhenba County(94.44%). The industry was mainly concentrated in the mining industry(84 cases,92.31%),with private enterprises as the main economic type(84 cases,92.30%),and small enterprises being the largest in terms of enterprise size(78 cases,85.71%). There were statistically significant differences in the comparison of different pneumoconiosis diseases with different work experience groups,regions,and economic types of enterprises(all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the composition ratio of pneumoconiosis stage Ⅲ with various counties and districts,and economic types of enterprises(both P<0.05). Conclusion The main types of occupational pneumoconiosis in Hanzhong City are silicosis and coal worker pneumoconiosis,and there are differences in the incidence characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis. Lueyang County and Zhenba County should be listed as key areas,with mining industry as the key industry and small and private enterprises as the key enterprises. Relevant departments should implement the main responsibility of enterprises,carry out targeted governance work,and reduce the incidence of occupational pneumoconiosis.

Key words: Hanzhong City, Occupational disease report, Newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis, Disease incidence, Characteristics of cases, Prevention and control

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