职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 2660-2665.

• 论著——流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

陕西省农村居民突发公共卫生事件的风险认知与应对现状研究

肖思彤, 石萌芮, 翟一鑫, 孙叶楠, 张妍, 张志刚()   

  1. 陕西中医药大学陕西 咸阳 712046
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-21 修回日期:2025-11-10 出版日期:2026-10-01 发布日期:2026-08-17
  • 通信作者: 张志刚,E-mail:lzuzzg@163.com
  • 作者简介:肖思彤,女,在读本科生。
  • 基金资助:
    2024年咸阳市重点研发计划社会发展领域项目(S2024-ZDYF-ZDYF-SF-3097);2024年国家级大学生创新训练计划项目(202410716025);2025年校级大学生创新训练计划项目(X202510716134)

Research on the risk perception and coping behaviors of public health emergency among rural residents in Shaanxi Province

XIAO Sitong, SHI Mengrui, ZHAI Yixin, SUN Yenan, ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Zhigang()   

  1. Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyangShaanxi 712046, China
  • Received:2025-10-21 Revised:2025-11-10 Online:2026-10-01 Published:2026-08-17
  • Contact: ZHANG Zhigang,E-mail:lzuzzg@163.com

摘要:

目的 了解陕西省农村居民突发公共卫生事件的风险认知水平、应对行为及其影响因素,为农村地区开展突发公共事件应急管理提供参考依据。方法 2024年7—9月采用分层随机抽样法抽取陕西省9市41县(区)15~74岁的农村居民为调查对象,编订突发公共卫生事件的风险认知、应对行为调查问卷,开展现场调查并进行描述分析和推断性比较。结果 陕西省农村居民突发公共卫生事件风险认知水平较高的比例为43.31%,且不同地区、年龄和1年在村时间比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=37.629、33.793、9.411,均P<0.05)。疾病严重性、疾病可控性、健康影响严重性和感染可能性维度风险认知等值化评分分别为0.68、0.72、0.80和0.83;雷达图显示,村民对感染可能性维度的认知较好,而对疾病严重性和疾病可控性维度的认知较差。62.38%的村民接受过突发公共卫生事件相关宣传教育,其风险认知水平(45.00%)显著高于未开展者(40.52%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.251,P<0.05)。关中地区和陕南地区为村民突发公共卫生事件风险认知水平的危险因素,年龄≥30岁、1年内在村时间≥10个月、家人中最高文化程度本科及以上、家中有在读学生为保护因素。村民获取突发公共卫生事件信息的途径前3位为政府或村委会通知(38.32%)、抖音等短视频(22.90%)和电视广播(19.04%),87.02%的村民会考虑信息的真实性,且76.12%会持续关注已发生事件的动态。若发生突发公共卫生事件,94.37%的村民会听从村委或政府安排,93.30%的村民愿提供力所能及的帮助。结论 陕西省农村居民突发公共卫生事件的风险认知水平有待提升,但其应对行为表现较好。需围绕关中地区和陕南地区、年龄<30岁及文化程度较低的农村居民群体,聚焦突发公共卫生事件的严重性和可控性开展科普教育,以提升风险认知水平并巩固应对行为。

关键词: 农村居民, 突发公共卫生事件, 风险认知, 应对, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective To understand the risk perception level,coping behaviors and influencing factors of public health emergency among rural residents in Shaanxi Province,and to provide a theoretical basis for the emergency management of public health emergency in rural areas. Methods From July to September 2024,rural residents aged 15 to 74 from 41 counties(districts) across 9 cities in Shaanxi Province were selected as research objects using stratified random sampling method. A questionnaire on risk perception and coping behaviors toward public health emergency was developed,field investigations were conducted,descriptive analysis and inferential comparisons were performed. Results The proportion of rural residents in Shaanxi Province with a relatively high level of risk perception regarding public health emergency was 43.31%,with statistically significant differences across regions,age groups,and length of annual residence in the village within a year(χ2=37.629,33.793,9.411,all P<0.05). The equalization scores of risk perception for disease severity,disease controllability,severity of health impact and possibility of infection were 0.68,0.72,0.80 and 0.83,respectively. Radar charts indicated that villagers had a better understanding of infection possibility,while a poorer understanding of disease severity and disease controllability. A total of 62.38% of villagers had received relevant publicity and education on public health emergency,and their risk perception level(45.00%) was significantly higher than that of those who had not(40.52%)(χ2=6.251,P<0.05). Residing in the Guanzhong and Southern Shaanxi regions were risk factors for villagers' risk perception levels,while being aged ≥30 years,residing in the village ≥10 months per year,having a family member with a bachelor's degree or higher,and having school-aged children were protective factors(all P<0.05). The top three channels through which villagers obtained information on public health emergency were government or village committee notifications(38.32%),short videos such as those on douyin(22.90%),and television/radio broadcasts(19.04%). Additionally,87.02% of villagers considered the authenticity of information,and 76.12% continuously followed updates on ongoing events. In the event of a public health emergency,94.37% of villagers would follow arrangements made by the village committee or government,and 93.30% were willing to provide assistance within their capacity. Conclusion The risk perception level of rural residents in Shaanxi Province regarding public health emergency needs improvement,while their coping behaviors are relatively satisfactory. Targeted efforts should focus on residents in the Guanzhong and Southern Shaanxi regions,those aged <30,and those with lower education levels,emphasizing education on the severity and controllability of public health emergency to enhance risk perception and reinforce coping behaviors.

Key words: Rural residents, Public health emergency, Risk perception, Coping behaviors, Influencing factors

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