职业与健康 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 2666-2671.

• 论著——流行病学与预防保健 • 上一篇    下一篇

1984—2023年安庆市区居民死亡原因及变化趋势分析

汪金生, 江严, 陈几文, 汪世君   

  1. 安庆市疾病预防控制中心安徽 安庆 246004
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05 修回日期:2025-11-04 出版日期:2026-10-01 发布日期:2026-08-17
  • 作者简介:汪金生,男,主任医师,主要从事传染性疾病控制工作。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省卫生健康杰出人才培养项目(皖卫函〔2022〕392号);安庆市卫生健康委科研项目(AQWJ2022023)

Analysis of causes and trends of death among residents in Anqing City from 1984 to 2023

WANG Jinsheng, JIANG Yan, CHEN Jiwen, WANG Shijun   

  1. Anqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionAnqingAnhui 246004, China
  • Received:2025-08-05 Revised:2025-11-04 Online:2026-10-01 Published:2026-08-17

摘要:

目的 分析1984—2023年安庆市区居民死亡水平、死因顺位的变迁,为今后制定相关卫生政策提供参考依据。方法 收集1984—2023年安庆市死因监测资料,利用EpiData 3.1建立数据库,采用Excel 2007、SPSS 27.0和Joinpoint 5.2.0.0进行分析。结果 1984—2023年安庆市区粗死亡率为512.34/10万,标化死亡率为571.84/10万,标化死亡率呈年均下降趋势[年均变化百分比(average annual percent change,AAPC)=-3.712,P<0.01],男性死亡率明显高于女性(χ2=1 259.766,P<0.01)。前5位死因依次是恶性肿瘤(29.44%,150.82/10万)、脑血管病(17.89%,91.67/10万)、心脏病(14.75%,75.60/10万)、呼吸系统疾病(14.30%,73.26/10万)和损伤中毒(8.52%,43.66/10万),前5位死因标化死亡率均呈下降趋势(AAPC=-1.967、 -4.181、-1.573、-5.932、-4.670,均P<0.05);恶性肿瘤(AAPC=0.966,P<0.05)、心脏病(AAPC=1.684,P<0.01)粗死亡率呈上升趋势。0~<15岁少儿组和15~<45岁青壮年组首位死因是损伤中毒,45~<65岁中老年组和≥65岁老年组首位死因是恶性肿瘤,不同年龄组死亡率均呈下降趋势(AAPC=-6.677、-3.882、-4.110、-2.454,均P<0.01)。结论 1984—2023年安庆市区居民标化死亡率呈下降趋势,居民健康水平明显提高,当前恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病等慢性疾病仍是安庆市主要死因,需要进一步加强慢性病防治工作,强化恶性肿瘤早诊早治,推动营养和体质量控制,完善人口老龄化的疾病防治策略。

关键词: 居民死亡原因, 死亡率, 死因顺位, 分析, 变化趋势

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the changes in the ranking and composition of causes of death among residents in Anqing City from 1984 to 2023,and provide scientific basis for the formulation of relevant health policies in the future. Methods Collect the mortality surveillance data in Anqing City from 1984 to 2023,establish a database using EpiData 3.1,and analyze it using Excel 2007,SPSS 27.0,and Joinpoint 5.2.0.0. Results From 1984 to 2023,the crude mortality rate in Anqing City was 512.34/100 000,and the standardized mortality rate was 571.84/100 000,showing an annual declining trend[average annual percent change(AAPC)= -3.712,P<0.01]. Male mortality was significantly higher than female mortality(χ2=1259.766,P<0.01). The top five causes of death were malignant tumors(29.44%,150.82/100 000),cerebrovascular diseases(17.89%,91.67/100 000),heart diseases(14.75%,75.60/100 000),respiratory diseases(14.30%,73.26/100 000),and injuries/poisoning(8.52%,43.66/100 000). The standardized mortality rates for these top five causes all showed declining trends(AAPC=-1.967,-4.181,-1.573,-5.932,-4.670,all P<0.05). However,the crude mortality rates for malignant tumors(AAPC=0.966,P<0.05) and heart diseases(AAPC=1.684,P<0.01) exhibited increasing trends. For the 0-<15 and 15-<45 age group,injuries/poisoning were the leading cause of death,while malignant tumors ranked first in the 45-<65 and ≥65 age group. Mortality rates across all age groups showed declining trends(AAPC=-6.677,-3.882,-4.110, -2.454,all P<0.01). Conclusion From 1984 to 2023,the standardized mortality rate of residents in Anqing showed a declining trend,and the health level of residents has significantly improved. Currently,chronic diseases such as malignant tumors and cardiovascular diseases are still the main causes of death in Anqing City. It is necessary to further strengthen the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases,enhance early diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors,promote nutrition and body mass control,and improve disease prevention and control strategies for aging population.

Key words: Cause of death for residents, Mortality rate, Rank order of causes of death, Analysis, Trend

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