关键词: 中小学生, 近视程度, 影响因素, 近视预防控制, 视力检测

Abstract:

Objective To understand the status of myopia among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，analyze the daily life factors associated with myopia in this population，and provide a basis for the Autonomous Region to develop myopia prevention and control measures. Methods In October 2023，stratified and cluster sampling were used to conduct uncorrected visual acuity testing，non-cycloplegic refraction examination，and questionnaire survey on 53 978 primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Univariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test to compare the myopia status among children and adolescents with different characteristics，while multivariate analysis was conducted using binary Logistic regression to identify the influencing factors. Results A total of 35 328 myopia students were detected in this study，and the myopia rate was 65.45%. The prevalence was higher in females（68.64%） than in males（62.04%），and higher in urban areas（67.52%） than in village areas（63.08%），and the differences were both statistically significant（χ²_gender=31.697， χ²_region=12 440.572，both P<0.05）. Mild myopia accounted for 65.93%，moderate myopia accounted for 27.20%，and severe myopia accounted for 6.87%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that reading books and screens with little or occasional lying or lying on his stomach，studying for ≤2 hours after school every day，doing eye exercises ≥2 times/d，reading and writing chest more than 1 punch away from the table，eyes more than 1 foot away from books，and sleep time meets the standard were protective factors for myopia（all P<0.05）. Turn off the lights and look at electronic screens after dark，take a close-up eye rest with an eye interval of <1 h，parents are myopic，the number of days of exercising for >60 min per week ≤2 days，number of weekly physical education classes ≤2 sessions，the outdoor activity time during the day in the past week <2 hours，rarely or infrequently adjusting the height of desks and chairs to their own height，and smoking were all risk factors for myopia（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The myopia rate among children and adolescents in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region remains relatively high，with significant disparities across groups. The occurrence of myopia is closely associated with factors such as eye usage habits，study duration，outdoor activities，and physical exercise. Targeted interventions need to be taken to strengthen prevention and control.

Key words: Primary and secondary school students, Degree of myopia, Influencing factors, Myopia prevention and control, Vision test